Geometrical textures of faults，evolution of physical field and instability characteristics

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宽频P波反演1988年澜沧地震震源参数

本文改进了Kikuchi P波反演震源时间函数方法,在最小二乘法中引入加权系数,均衡各台资料在求解地震矩中的比例关系,使之推广到不同震中距、不同方位的情况。利用我国CDSN台网长周期和中长周期资料,分别用反射率法和远场广义射线法产生了理论子波,反演出澜沧M_s7.6地震的震源参数和破裂时间过程。结果表明,1988年澜沧大震的断层面走向150°,倾角84°,位错矢量与水平夹角175°,为走滑型震源机制;地震破裂上升时间为4秒,特征时间39秒,宏观尺度130公里,总地震矩达到2.5×10~(21)牛顿·米;地震可分成三个子破裂,由东南向西北扩展,构成了P波的复杂性,基本上能与现场地表迹象和地震宏观参数对应。     

特殊地形及地形梯度对西昌发射场暴雨的影响

研究了西昌发射场特殊地形及地形梯度对其暴雨天气的影响。对比分析表明：2004年6月23日暴雨过程属于低涡切变型暴雨，6月27日暴雨过程属于两高辐合型暴雨。利用MM5V3．7进行了多组地形敏感试验，结果表明：场区北侧山脉对场区降水量影响明显，西昌东侧山脉对西昌降水量影响明显。地形梯度分析表明，西昌地区所处的河谷地形和场区所处喇叭口小地形，有利于中小尺度气压扰动的发生、发展和暴雨的产生，当地形梯度减弱时，降水量相应减弱。     

太阳高度角和日出日落时刻太阳方位角一年变化范围的计算

介绍了太阳位置的确定方法，并通过计算给出了全省气象观测台站的日出、日落方向的太阳方位角变化结果以及每个台站一年中正午时刻太阳高度角变化范围。     

面状要素几何度量指标的研究

以计算几何模型为基础,结合对人们在相互交流中所涉及的拓扑关系的分析,本文概括出了面状要素之间拓扑关系的6种形式,并建立了7种量化指标对其进行细化描述,给定了这6种拓扑关系与7种量化指标的依赖关系,规范了7种拓扑关系量化指标的应用条件,最后对所提出的拓扑关系及其量化指标模型的实施进行了可行性分析。文中所提的拓扑关系描述深化了GIS平台的信息查询,并对查询语言的改进具有借鉴价值。     

Impact of nonlinear processes on formation of the Kuroshio large meander path in a barotropic inflow-outflow model

Based on a barotropic inflow-outflow model,we examine the formation of the Kuroshio large meander(LM) using conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) method.Both linear and nonlinear evolutions of such perturbations obtained by this method are investigated.The results show that the nonlinear evolution can result in the Kuroshio transition from a straight to LM path,whereas the linear evolution cannot.This implies that nonlinearity plays an important role in the formation of the Kuroshio LM path.The nonlinearity exists as advection in the evolution equations of the perturbation derived from the barotropic inflow-outflow model,namely the nonlinear advection of the perturbation by the perturbation(NAPP).By examining the role of this nonlinearity,we find that the NAPP tends to move the cyclonic eddy induced by the CNOP-type perturbation westward.Together with the beta effect,this offsets part of the eastward advection caused by the interaction between the perturbation and the background flow.Hence,the eastward movement of the cyclonic eddy is significantly weakened,effectively causing the eddy to develop.The sufficient evolution of this cyclonic eddy leads to the formation of the Kuroshio LM.     

CHZ-Ⅱ海洋重力仪重力敏感结构的性能测试与分析

在原有CHZ重力仪研制基础上,设计新一代海洋重力仪CHZ-Ⅱ并进行硬件搭建与测试。阐述了为CHZ-Ⅱ重力敏感结构设计的测试方案、实验过程及其结果分析,主要包括弹性系统的刚度、交叉耦合效应和漂移效应。实验表明,该结构在目前的测试内容下符合设计要求。     

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Evolution of aerosol vertical distribution during particulate pollution events in Shanghai

A set of micro pulse lidar(MPL)systems operating at 532 nm was used for ground-based observation of aerosols in Shanghai in 2011.Three typical particulate pollution events(e.g.,haze)were examined to determine the evolution of aerosol vertical distribution and the planetary boundary layer(PBL)during these pollution episodes.The aerosol vertical extinction coefficient(VEC)at any given measured altitude was prominently larger during haze periods than that before or after the associated event.Aerosols originating from various source regions exerted forcing to some extent on aerosol loading and vertical layering,leading to different aerosol vertical distribution structures.Aerosol VECs were always maximized near the surface owing to the potential influence of local pollutant emissions.Several peaks in aerosol VECs were found at altitudes above 1 km during the dust-and bioburning-influenced haze events.Aerosol VECs decreased with increasing altitude during the local-polluted haze event,with a single maximum in the surface atmosphere.PM2.5 increased slowly while PBL and visibility decreased gradually in the early stages of haze events;subsequently,PM2.5 accumulated and was exacerbated until serious pollution bursts occurred in the middle and later stages.The results reveal that aerosols from different sources impact aerosol vertical distributions in the atmosphere and that the relationship between PBL and pollutant loadings may play an important role in the formation of pollution.     

厦门国家级珍稀海洋物种自然保护区文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)种群健康评价

利用2009-2010年四个季度月用底栖生物抓斗式采样器捕获的文昌鱼样品,从其资源分布、年龄结构、生物学和生态学特征等方面对厦门国家级珍稀海洋物种自然保护区文昌鱼的种群健康状况进行评价研究.结果表明:(1)文昌鱼种群资源分布衰减趋势明显,只在黄厝—前埔海区、小嶝岛—角屿海区和南线—十八线海区3个核心区还有分布,但资源密度低,分布范围狭小,而在鳄鱼屿实验区未能发现.(2)文昌鱼体重与体长之间关系:W=6.6895×10-4L3.1818;体长与体质量生长方程分别为:厶=65.63[1-e-0.68(t+032)],Wt=404.62[1-e-0.68(t+032)]3.1818;夏季、冬季航次的优势体长组分别为25-35mm和35-45mm,优势体重组分别为25-50mg和50-100mg;秋季低龄鱼较多,而冬季高龄鱼比例较高.(3)采用ELEFAN Ⅰ技术分析了厦门文昌鱼的Von Bertalanffy生长参数K、L∞、总死亡系数Z、自然死亡系数M和开发率E,发现其生长参数K值较大,自然死亡系数较高,开发率较大(0.69).综之,厦门自然保护区内的文昌鱼种群健康状况整体不佳,应注意资源保护,加强保护文昌鱼栖息地的底质和水质以及防止过度捕捞以实现其资源可持续利用.