土壤甲烷吸收汇研究进展

人类活动导致大气中温室气体浓度增加,是全球气候变暖的主要原因之一。由于陆地生态系统中通气状况良好的土壤是甲烷最大的吸收汇,研究吸收汇强度及其影响因素对估算大气中甲烷储存增量、采取措施增强土壤吸收汇的强度是很有意义的。综述了全球透气土壤吸收甲烷总量及土地利用变化、农业措施对甲烷吸收汇的影响。     

未来气候情景下中国生态地理区域系统温度带的北移(英文)

Despite the well-documented effects of global climate change on terrestrial species' ranges,eco-geographical regions as the regional scale of ecosystems have been poorly studied especially in China with diverse climate and ecosystems.Here we analyse the shift of temperature zones in eco-geographical study over China using projected future climate scenario.Projected climate data with high resolution during 1961-2080 were simulated using regional climate model of PRECIS.The number of days with mean daily temperature above 10℃ and the mean temperature of January are usually regarded as the principal criteria to indicate temperature zones,which are sensitive to climate change.Shifts due to future climate change were calculated by comparing the latitude of grid cells for the future borderline of one temperature zone with that for baseline period(1961-1990).Results indicated that the ranges of Tropical,Subtropical,Warm Temperate and Plateau Temperate Zones would be enlarged and the ranges of Cold Temperate,Temperate and Plateau Sub-cold Zones would be reduced.Cold Temperate Zone would probably disappear at late this century.North borderlines of temperature zones would shift northward under projected future climate change,especially in East China.Farthest shifts of the north boundaries of Plateau Temperate,Subtropical and Warm Temperate Zones would be 3.1°,5.3° and 6.6° latitude respectively.Moreover,northward shift would be more notably in northern China as future temperature increased.     

不同稻麦种植模式适应气候变化的效益比较分析

通过调查江苏省全球环境基金项目区农户和专家的投入产出,使用成本效益分析方法和IPCC推荐的温室气体估算方法评估比较了3种种植方式（人工插秧、机械插秧和直播）的水稻在麦稻轮作复种“两晚”模式（水稻晚收, 小麦晚播）下的社会、经济和生态效益。结果表明：水稻直播和机械插秧可以节省更多劳动力;农业机械燃油、施用化肥、稻田淹水等农作措施导致了大量人为温室气体排放;水稻种植方式为人工插秧的麦稻轮作模式能取得最优的经济和生态效益;“两晚”模式实施的关键是适时地利用近年来增加的农业气候资源。水稻人工插秧与麦稻“两晚”相配合的种植模式是减缓和适应气候变化的较优选择。     

中国21世纪气候变化情景的统计分析

利用区域气候模式系统PRECIS,分析SRES A2、B2情景下21世纪的三个时段中国地面气温和降水的变化,并对B2情景下中国区域地面气温和降水可能的变化趋势进行统计分析。结果表明,未来极端高温和降水事件将会增加,而极端低温事件将会减少。对全国七大区平均地面气温和降水变化的分析显示：未来东北、华北和西北地区夏季增温大而降水增加少,暖干化趋势较明显;华中、华东和华南地区的夏季降水增加明显而冬季增加较少,尤其是华南冬季的降水明显地减少,这表明这些地区夏季的洪涝和冬季的干旱都会加重。