海洋生态通识教材研究

根据对中美两国海洋生态类教材的调查，并与新版海洋类通识教材相比较，两国有关海洋通识教材的共同点是两国都着重基础知识的开发，教材编写已有一定体系。存在的差异是国外教材主张激发学生兴趣为主，国内海洋类教材主张完善知识体系为主。建议我国海洋通识教材编写注意加入海洋权益及海洋意识知识，并使之教材内容联系实际，以激发学生兴趣，并且裨益于日常生活。     

Design and Test of 1/5th Scale Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine

Tidal current energy is prominent and renewable. Great progress has been made in the exploitation technology of tidal current energy all over the world in recent years, and the large scale device has become the trend of tidal current turbine (TCT) for its economies. Instead of the similarity to the wind turbine, the tidal turbine has the characteristics of high hydrodynamic efficiency, big thrust, reliable sealing system, tight power transmission structure, etc. In this paper, a 1/5th scale horizontal axis tidal current turbine has been designed, manufactured and tested before the full scale device design. Firstly, the three-blade horizontal axis rotor was designed based on traditional blade element momentum theory and its hydrodynamic performance was predicted in numerical model. Then the power train system and stand-alone electrical control unit of tidal current turbine, whose performances were accessed through the bench test carried out in workshop, were designed and presented. Finally, offshore tests were carried out and the power performance of the rotor was obtained and compared with the published literatures, and the results showed that the power coefficient was satisfactory, which agrees with the theoretical predictions.     

氨基酸在改性黏土上的吸附机制研究

研究了四种氨基酸(赖氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸)化合物在改性黏土的吸附特征, 考察了改性剂PACl 添加比例、介质pH 及离子强度对吸附过程的影响, 并探讨了吸附机制。结果表明, 在一定比例的PACl 改性能促进氨基酸在高岭土上的吸附, 最佳改性比例为5%, 赖氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸的最大吸附量分别为827、712.56、723.14、732.56 μmol/g; 氨基酸在改性黏土上的吸附动力学符合伪二阶动力学模型; 利用Weber-Morris 模型测定四种氨基酸内部粒子扩散常数, 5%改性条件下赖氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸的内部粒子扩散常数分别为0.847、0.567、0.780、0.603。热力学研究表明, 氨基酸在改性黏土上的吸附等温线是C 型等温线, 5%改性条件下四种氨基酸(赖氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸)的热力学自由能分别为?1.99、?2.41、?3.16、?2.94 kJ/mol, 说明氨基酸在改性黏土上的吸附是一个自发的吸附过程。介质pH 及离子强度对吸附过程具有重要影响。     

海上仙山 旅游胜地长岛旅游业方兴未艾

长岛县立足本地旅游资源优势,不断加大“包装”力度,构筑全方位的市场促销体系,促进了全县旅游业的飞速发展。今年1月～6月,全县旅游业直接收入2300多万元,比去年同期增长31％。 长岛县地处渤海海峡,黄渤海分界线,是国家级风景名胜区,素有“海上仙山”、“候鸟旅站”之称。朝看黄海日出、夕看渤海日落,尤其是海市蜃楼、海滋、平流雾等特殊景观,更     

基于遥感的黄土高原典型区植被退化分析——以泾河流域为例

以黄上高原泾河流域为例,首先利用遥感植被指数和气候干燥度指数之间的回归模型,模拟出了潜在植被指数,在此基础上通过遥感监督分类方法得出泾河流域现生植被分布格局和潜在植被的分布格局,并利用转换矩阵方法得出了植被退化的空间态势.结果表明:泾河流域最主要的潜在植被类型是针阔叶疏林(32.44%)、阔叶落叶林(31.28%)和中牛灌丛(23.71%).与现生植被相比较,有25.08%的阔叶落叶林潜在分布区被开垦为农作物,13.32%退化为针阔叶疏林,13.04%退化为中生灌丛,14.22%变化为旱生灌丛,仅有25.90%的面积保持了阔叶落叶林植被;针阔叶疏林分布区主要退化为农作物(26.01%)、旱生灌丛(20.99%)、草甸(17.12%);中生灌丛主要退化为草甸(30.29%)和温带草原(43.21%).植被的退化以流域中部、南部的黄土残塬沟壑区退化最为严重,其次为流域北部的黄土丘陵区,而流域东部的子午岭山区和流域西部的六盘山区植被退化相对较轻.     

海洋生态通识教材研究

根据对中美两国海洋生态类教材的调查,并与新版海洋类通识教材相比较,两国有关海洋通识教材的共同点是两国都着重基础知识的开发,教材编写已有一定体系.存在的差异是国外教材主张激发学生兴趣为主,国内海洋类教材主张完善知识体系为主.建议我国海洋通识教材编写注意加入海洋权益及海洋意识知识,并使之教材内容联系实际,以激发学生兴趣,并且裨益于日常生活.