海底固体矿产资源综合信息定量评价方法初探

深海固体矿产资源,如多金属结核、富钴结壳、热液硫化物等,越来越受世界各国重视,以此为目标的调查与评价工作也越来越受重视。然而,由于深海矿产资源评价工作与陆地存在差异性,诸如调查程度低、控矿因素复杂、背景资料少、区域广大等等,陆地矿产资源评价工作中常用的定量评价方法未获得系统应用。本文尝试     

北极航道地缘政治格局圈层结构及其竞合关系分析

北极航道的开通具有重大的地缘战略意义。北极航道地缘区域可从北极地区、航线影响范围内缓冲区、航线延伸区域三个维度考虑。本文以北极航道地缘影响区域作为空间依托,总结北极航道地缘政治格局的全球化和集团化特征,并以地缘距离和航运收益组合为依据,探索以国家为单位的政治行为体组合方式,提出北极航道地缘政治格局的立体式圈层结构：以北冰洋为中心的不同利益不同立场的由内向外依次排列的五层结构。根据对各圈层结构的航运利益、观念主张和政策制度分析,探讨各圈层内外部竞合关系,提出最内层的北极航道沿海国“内水化”主张和制度化管辖与其他圈层的“航行自由”如何平衡将是未来博弈的焦点,各圈层间和内部的竞合关系也将随资源、利益的诉求变化和进程的推动而变化。     

宝鸡市近50年气候变化特征

选用宝鸡市11个气象站1961—2008年气温、降水和日照等气象要素资料统计分析,得出宝鸡近50a气候变化特征。年平均气温以0.238 o C/10a倾向率上升;冬季平均气温上升最快,线性倾向率为0.366 o C/10a;夏季平均气温升温幅度最小,仅为0.01 o C/10a。年降水量以31.187mm/10a的倾向率波动减少,主要由春季和秋季降水量减少造成。年日照时数以38.95h/10a的倾向率波浪式减少,以夏季减少趋势最明显,线性倾向率为-28.8h/10a。年日照百分率在39%～49%之间变化。     

Estimation of potential distribution of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea

Gas hydrate research has significant importance for securing world energy resources, and has the potential to produce considerable economic benefits. Previous studies have shown that the South China Sea is an area that harbors gas hydrates. However, there is a lack of systematic investigations and understanding on the distribution of gas hydrate throughout the region. In this paper, we applied mineral resource quantitative assessment techniques to forecast and estimate the potential distribution of gas hydrate resources in the northern South China Sea. However, current hydrate samples from the South China Sea are too few to produce models of occurrences. Thus, according to similarity and contrast principles of mineral outputs, we can use a similar hydrate-mining environment with sufficient gas hydrate data as a testing ground for modeling northern South China Sea gas hydrate conditions. We selected the Gulf of Mexico, which has extensively studied gas hydrates, to develop predictive models of gas hydrate distributions, and to test errors in the model. Then, we compared the existing northern South China Sea hydrate-mining data with the Gulf of Mexico characteristics, and collated the relevant data into the model. Subsequently, we applied the model to the northern South China Sea to obtain the potential gas hydrate distribution of the area, and to identify significant exploration targets. Finally, we evaluated the reliability of the predicted results. The south seabed area of Taiwan Bank is recommended as a priority exploration target. The Zhujiang Mouth, Southeast Hainan, and Southwest Taiwan Basins, including the South Bijia Basin, also are recommended as exploration target areas. In addition, the method in this paper can provide a useful predictive approach for gas hydrate resource assessment, which gives a scientific basis for construction and implementation of long-term planning for gas hydrate exploration and general exploitation of the seabed of China.     

墨西哥湾天然气水合物矿产资源预测模型及其应用

墨西哥湾是世界上研究天然气水合物较深入的海区,调查资料丰富,已在50多处采集到天然气水合物样品,具备建立天然气水合物矿产资源预测模型的条件。选择34处已知天然气水合物矿点和34处已知无矿点作为训练区,建立矿点存在与否的预测模型。模型的相关系数值表明墨西哥湾天然气水合物与盐底辟关系密切。将该模型应用于整个墨西哥湾北部,初步获得了天然气水合物存在可能性概率分布图;概率大于0.7的预测单元包含已知矿点中的30个,利用该阈值圈定了墨西哥湾天然气水合物潜在资源分布区。     

太平洋CC区及周边多金属结核分布及资源量预测

选取了太平洋克拉里昂-克利帕顿断裂带(简称CC区)以及邻近海域作为研究区,对该区多金属结核的分布和资源量进行了估计.运用数学地质方法和GIS空间分析技术,将已勘探区作为训练区,建立资源目标信息和区域证据图层之间的关系模型;将该模型用于未勘探区,得到整个CC区及周边海区的多金属结核的空间分布和潜在资源量.预测结果和勘探结果对比表明,预测结果具有一定的可靠性,所选方法对研究区多金属结核资源估计具有可行性.该评价方法或结果为将来未调查区多金属结核勘探工作提供了技术或参考靶区.