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大气垂直运动方程若干问题讨论 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文对大气垂直运动方程的尺度分析和小量可否忽略重新进行了讨论,认为如同存在水平地转平衡一样,在大气垂直方向应当存在垂直地转平衡。并提出在大气垂直方向可能存在更高阶平衡:一级平衡为静力平衡,二级平衡为静力偏差和垂直柯氏力的垂直地转平衡,可能还存在第三级平衡,即垂直地转偏差和重力异常的平衡,最后,重力异常偏差的最级有可能与大气行星波垂直加速度和引潮力垂直分量已处于同一量级。 相似文献
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利用2013年1月MODIS(MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)的大气廓线产品计算得到大气相对湿度廓线,并与探空观测得到的相对湿度资料进行对比,发现总体上MODIS反演的相对湿度高于探空值,且在相对湿度较低区域误差较大;需要剔除有云影响的MODIS数据和相对湿度小于5%的探空数据;用平均值订正法对MODIS数据进行均一性修正,采用直接订正法、最大相关系数法开展MODIS和探空相对湿度资料融合试验,对融合结果进行分析对比和精度检验。结果表明:(1)直接订正法融合湿度在相对湿度较低区域高于探空湿度,在相对湿度较高区域低于探空湿度,最大相关系数法融合湿度在高湿区和低湿区均与探空接近;(2)融合结果精度检验表明,直接订正法融合湿度与探空湿度的平均绝对误差在850 hPa不超过10%,在925 hPa不超过12%,在1000 hPa不超过9%;采用最大相关系数法融合得到的相对湿度值在各层与探空湿度的绝对误差均不超过4%。总体来看最大相关系数法比直接订正法融合效果更好。 相似文献
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To comprehensively investigate characteristics of summer droughts and floods in the Yangtze River valley, a meteorological and hydrological coupling index (MHCI) was developed using meteorological and hydro- logical data. The results indicate that: (1) in representing drought/flood information for the Yangtze River valley, the MHCI can reflect composite features of precipitation and hydrological observations; (2) compre- hensive analysis of the interannual phase difference of the precipitation and hydrological indices is important to recognize and predict annual drought/flood events along the valley; the hydrological index contributes more strongly to nonlinear and continuity features that indicate transition from long-term drought to flood conditions; (3) time series of the MHCI from 1960-2009 are very effective and sensitive in reflecting annual drought/flood characteristics, i.e. there is more rainfall or typical flooding in the valley when the MHCI is positive, and vice versa; and (4) verification of the MHCI indicates that there is significant correlation between precipitation and hydrologic responses in the valley during summer; the correlation coefficient was found to reach 0.82, exceeding the 0.001 significance level. 相似文献
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