1999-2007年中国耕地利用变化——政策演进视角(英文)

Cultivated land protection (CLP) entered the new era of macro administration in 1999 in China. This paper presents a holistic analysis of cultivated land use change concerning the three goals of the CLP, i.e., grain security, ecological security and harmonizing regional development. Farmers’ willingness to grow grain has been the key factor in safeguarding grain security. Grain-for-green policy has contributed to improving ecological state especially in the western provinces. Effects of the land macro-control of the CLP on harmonizing regional development were significant. Moreover, cultivated land use change in 1999-2007 points out the way of the evolving policy in the future. From the viewpoint of normative concept of multifunctionality, we discuss development of the three land functions, i.e., production function, environmental function and carrier function. Finally, we propose to emphasize multifunctional land management based on regional differences to promote transition of the CLP.     

一个预测冬小麦根系层储水量的概念性模型

基于对SPAC系统的认识,以1995～1996年北京市水利科学研究所永乐店试验站和1993～1994年中国科学院禹城综合试验站冬小麦生长季土壤-作物-大气田间观测数据,对冬小麦根系层水量平衡的概念性模型进行参数确定和实验验证。研究结果表明:本文采用的根系层储水量的预测模型的模拟值与实测值吻合较好,且模型参数较少,形式简单,便于生产实践应用,但是具体的参数须通过田间试验获得。     

基于涡度相关通量数据的植被最大光能利用率反演研究

准确估计和预测陆地生态系统碳循环时空变化是预测气候变化的基础,也是目前全球变化研究中最为重要的前沿领域之一。最大光能利用率(ε_(max))是遥感估算陆地生态系统初级生产力的关键参数之一,本研究基于CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型,采用马尔科夫链-蒙特卡罗(Markov Chain Monte Carlo,简称MCMC)方法,利用中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络(ChinaFLUX)8个野外台站的涡度相关通量观测数据对ε_(max)进行反演,得到ε_(max)的最优估计值及其不确定性,并利用优化后的ε_(max)对2003~2008年各生态系统总初级生产力(Gross Primary Productivity,简称GPP)及其不确定性进行了模拟。结果表明:8个生态系统ε_(max)后验估计结果均呈近似正态分布,森林、农田和草地生态系统ε_(max)分别为0.737±0.026~0.850±0.035g C/MJ·PAR,1.056±0.090g C/MJ·PAR和0.199±0.068~0.469±0.043g C/MJ·PAR;ε_(max)估计的不确定性将导致内蒙、当雄和海北草地生态系统GPP年总量的模拟值产生9.17%~14.20%的误差,长白山、鼎湖山、千烟洲和西双版纳4个森林生态系统GPP年总量的误差为3.52%~7.79%,禹城农田生态系统GPP年总量的误差为8.52%。对ε_(max)进行优化后,GPP年总量模拟值的相对误差显著降低,有效改善了原模型对内蒙草地生态系统GPP年总量的高估和除当雄草地生态系统外其他6个生态系统GPP年总量的低估。