南海北部天然气水合物赋存带识别与深度预测

利用地球物理方法,在钻探前对水合物赋存带进行识别和深度预测,可以为钻探井位的选取及井深的规划提供直接的数据支持.在我国南海北部二维地震数据的基础上,以速度为主要判别依据,以波阻抗反演为佐证,识别水合物赋存带的顶、底界,并以叠加速度谱为基础,预测神狐海域A测线预测井位的水合物赋存深度.在此数据的指导下,经钻探证实,该钻位...     

多维冲击钻井提速技术在新疆油田的应用

为克服新疆油田重点探井二叠系地层岩石可钻性差、含砾地层严重粘滑振动,石炭系地层岩性致密、硬度高、研磨性强等难点,利用多维冲击振动结构实现大体积破岩、有效控制扭矩波动、抑制钻头粘滑振动,缩短钻井周期、降低钻井事故发生率。现场应用表明,多维冲击钻井技术能在可钻性差、深部硬岩地层实现高效破岩、钻井提速,有效地控制了钻井成本,值得在适宜地层进一步推广应用。     

三维侧扫声呐技术在海洋测绘中的探测性能评估及应用分析

当前,海洋的价值越来越被人类重视,海洋开发活动对于国家发展日益重要,其中海底地形测量在海洋开发中有着举足轻重的地位.相较于应用多波束测深系统或侧扫声呐系统测量海底地形的传统方式,三维侧扫声呐将多波束测深系统与传统侧扫声呐系统的特点融为一体应用于海洋测绘生产,极大地提高了作业效率,减小了作业成本.本文以3DSS-iDX-450三维侧扫声呐为例,介绍了其系统组成及功能参数,通过多项性能测试及在外业生产中的测量效果分析比较了三维侧扫声呐技术在海底地形测量中的性能参数及优势特点,根据生产中的经验提出了使用建议,并对未来三维侧扫声呐的应用进行了分析及展望.     

海道测量中跳变水位和缺失水位的补救方法

基于余水位的配置模型,通过潮汐调和分析,利用已知长期验潮站余水位结合临近短期验潮站天文潮位来恢复短期站的实际水位,并对其进行误差分析,证明基于余水位进行推算未知验潮站潮位的可行性与实用性。为了保证验潮仪采集数据的精确度,基于日(月)平均海面在较大的空间尺度内有较强的相关性这一原理,对短期验潮站验潮仪零点漂移进行检测,并对其进行误差分析。     

汶川M_S8.0地震彭州灾区典型震害与成因初步分析

2008年5月12日14时28分汶川发生的8.0级大地震对我国四川省西部及西北部县市造成了特别严重,甚至是毁灭性破坏.基于现场调查资料,分析了彭州灾区的灾害空间分布,描述了典型建筑物破坏和大型滑坡体等地质灾害现象,并结合彭州地区房屋抗震设防情况,对此次地震灾害的主要成因进行了分析.结果表明,本次地震灾害的主要成因包括震级大、破坏力强,滑坡崩塌等地震地质灾害严重,农村建筑物缺乏必要的抗震设防措施等.在未来的规划与建设中,应避开断层、滑坡危险区域,并加强对农村地区建筑物的抗震设防指导.     

Variability of subduction rates of the subtropical North Pacific mode waters

The climatology subduction rate for the entire Pacific is known, but the mechanism of interannual to decadal variation remains unclear. In this study, we calculated the annual subduction rates of three types of North Pacific subtropical mode waters using a general circulation model (LICOM1.0) for the period of 1958-2001. The model experiments focused on interannual variations of ocean dynamical processes under daily wind forcings and seasonal heat fluxes. The mode water formation region was defined by a potential vorticity minimum at outcrop locations. The model results show that two subduction rate maxima (>100 m/a) were located in the Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) and the Central Mode Water (CMW) formation regions. These regions are consistent with a climatologically calculated value. The subduction rate in the Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) formation region was smaller at about 75 m/a. The subduction rate shows clear interannual and decadal variations associated with oceanic dynamic variabilities. The average subduction rate of the STMW was much smaller during the period of 1981-1990 compared with other periods, while that of the CMW had a negative anomaly before 1975 and a positive anomaly after 1978. The variability agreed with Ekman and geostrophic advections and mixed layer depths. The interannual variability of the subduction rate for the ESTMW was smallest during 1970-1990, as a result of a weak wind stress curl. This paper explores how interannual signals from the atmosphere are stored in different parts of the ocean, and thus may contribute to a better understanding of feedback mechanisms for the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) event.     

厄尔尼诺衰亡年间南亚夏季风在印度洋对西北太平洋遥强迫中的作用

已有的大量研究给出了印度洋增暖的气候效应,特别是对于西北太平洋反气旋异常的影响.本文利用观测数据和耦合数值模式进一步分析了厄尔尼诺衰亡年印度洋增暖的气候效应,研究了印度洋海温异常与西北太平洋反气旋异常之间的遥强迫形成条件,提出印度洋背景风场的季节性转换对印度洋增暖效应的关键作用.结果表明,只有在有利的背景风场下,即南亚夏季季风完全爆发时,才更有利于印度洋增暖效应的充分体现.可能是由于Kelvin波-Ekman辐散机制,在北印度洋异常增暖所导致的大气热源异常的东侧低层大气中产生了明显的东风异常,这一东风异常对西北太平洋产生遥强迫,使西北太平洋的反气旋异常加强并维持到厄尔尼诺衰亡年夏季.这对于东亚夏季季风的年变率机制研究及预测有着重要意义.     

三维可视化技术在沈北盆地地热资源开发中的应用

利用沈阳北部地热田以往钻孔、重力、可控源大地电磁测深测量结果,建立沈北地热田热储概念模型和综合地球物理三维可视化模型,使用布格重力异常模拟沈北盆地形态提取更多有用信息,总结以往失败钻孔的原因,圈定了新的找矿远景区,提高了探测结果的可应用性,提升地热找矿效果.     

陕北黄土高原正负地形研究(英文)

The Loess positive and negative terrains (P-N terrains), which are widely distributed on the Loess Plateau, are discussed for the first time by introducing its characteristic, demarcation as well as extraction method from high-resolution Digital Elevation Models. Using 5 m-resolution DEMs as original test data, P-N terrains of 48 geomorphological units in different parts of Shaanxi Loess Plateau are extracted accurately. Then six indicators for depicting the geomorphologic landscape and spatial configuration characteristic of P-N terrains are proposed. The spatial distribution rules of these indicators and the relationship between the P-N terrains and Loess relief are discussed for further understanding of Loess landforms. Finally, with the integration of P-N terrains and traditional terrain indices, a series of un-supervised classification methods are applied to make a proper landform classification in northern Shaanxi. Results show that P-N terrains are an effect clue to reveal energy and substance distribution rules on the Loess Plateau. A continuous change of P-N terrains from south to north in Shaanxi Loess Plateau shows an obvious spatial difference of Loess landforms and the positive terrain area only accounted for 60.5% in this region. The P-N terrains participant landform classification method increases validity of the result, especially in the Loess tableland, Loess tableland-ridge and the Loess low-hill area. This research is significant on the study of Loess landforms with the Digital Terrains Analysis methods.     

疏松砂岩储层窜流通道平面分布规律研究

国内大部分高含水油田,注入水窜流现象较为严重,已成为影响油田高效开发的主要矛盾,对窜流通道形成后渗透率场的计算与描述显得尤为迫切和重要。目前窜流通道参数计算方法,只能计算得到注采井点的渗透率数值,不能计算得到注采井间的渗透率分布状况,并且目前窜流通道渗透率计算方法没有将室内实验结果、数值模拟结果和油藏工程方法结果有效结合起来。以国内某高含水油田为例,通过长期注水冲刷实验,模拟了窜流通道的动态形成过程,归纳出了储层岩石注水冲刷倍数与渗透率之间的关系式。在常规数值模拟计算方法的基础上,将渗透率变化规律模型引入到数值模拟计算中,建立了计算窜流通道平面分布的新方法。以海上某油田的地质模型为基础,计算得到了该油田目前状态的窜流通道渗透率平面二维分布规律。综合对比动态数据法、概率密度模型法、经验公式法和示踪剂测试结果,证明本方法得到的结果真实可靠。