Molecular phylogeny of oligotrich genera Omegastrombidium and Novistrombidium (Protozoa, Ciliophora) for the systematical relationships within Family Strombidiidae

The phylogeny of the oligotrich ciliates is currently a hot debate despite the availability of both morphological and molecular data. In the present paper, further small subunit rRNA (SS rRNA) genes were analyzed from the Genera Omegastrombidium and Novistrombidium, as well as from Strombidium, and combined with three new SS rRNA sequences from Strombidium basimorphum, S. sulcatum population QD-1, and Novistrombidium testaceum population GD. The phylogenetic positions of these organisms were inferred using Bayesian inference, Maximum Likelihood, and Maximum Parsimony methods. The main results are: (1) the SS rRNA gene sequence analyses match the recent findings about the molecular evolution of oligotrichs, indicating that the family Strombidiidae is paraphyletic; (2) the Genus Omegastrombidium is separated from the Genus Strombidium, as shown in recent cladistic analyses; (3) morphospecies in Genus Novistrombidium, based on similarity of somatic ciliature, are separated from each other in all topological trees, indicating that this genus could be a paraphyletic group; (4) the molecular data indicate a possibility of paraphyly for the genus Strombidium; and (5) the similarities of the SS rRNA gene of specimens identified as S. sulcatum and S. inclinatum are 99.8%–100%. However, present knowledge on the oligotrichs sensu stricto is still insufficient and further studies based on both molecular and other technologies are required.     

Development and evaluation of specific PCR primers targeting the ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region of peritrich ciliates in environmental samples

Peritrich ciliates are highly diverse and can be important bacterial grazers in aquatic ecosystems. Morphological identifi cations of peritrich species and assemblages in the environment are time-consuming and expertise-demanding. In this study, two peritrich-specifi c PCR primers were newly designed to amplify a fragment including the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region of ribosomal rDNA from environmental samples. The primers showed high specifi city in silico, and in tests with peritrich isolates and environmental DNA. Application of these primers in clone library construction and sequencing yielded exclusively sequences of peritrichs for water and sediment samples. We also found the ITS1, ITS2, ITS, D1 region of 28 S rDNA, and ITS+D1 region co-varied with, and generally more variable than, the V9 region of 18 S rDNA in peritrichs. The newly designed specifi c primers thus provide additional tools to study the molecular diversity, community composition, and phylogeography of these ecologically important protists in dif ferent systems.     

基于粒子群优化支持向量机的矿区土壤有机质含量高光谱反演

为了监测复垦矿区土壤的有机质含量, 综合利用光谱分析、统计学习理论与方法以及智能优化理论与方法, 研究了矿区复垦土壤有机质含量与土壤光谱之间的关系, 在此基础上建立了土壤有机质含量高光谱反演模型, 实现土壤有机质含量定量检测.首先对原始土壤光谱数据进行预处理, 然后进行相关性分析, 提取450 nm、500 nm、650 nm、770 nm、1 460 nm和2 140 nm作为特征波段, 最后利用多元线性回归(multiple linear regression, MLR)、偏最小乘回归(partial least squares regression, PLSR)和粒子群优化支持向量机回归(particle swarm optimization support vector machine regression, PSO-SVM)方法建立了土壤有机质含量的高光谱定量反演模型, 并对模型进行验证.3种模型的验证结果如下: MLR、PLSR和PSO-SVM模型的R2分别为0.79、0.83和0.85, RMSE分别为5.26、4.93和4.76.实验结果表明, 无论从模型的稳定性还是预测能力上, PSO-SVM都要优于其他两个模型.      

单星座ARAIM算法可用性分析及其在垂直精密进近中的应用

讨论了如何提高单星座增强型接收机自主完好性监测ARAIM算法的可用性问题。借助于钟差辅助模型设计了一种能够用于垂直精密进近LPV-250服务的单星座ARAIM算法。将钟差预测值作为虚拟伪距观测值纳入到当前的定位解算中,以提高单星座ARAIM算法的可用性。设计了新的完好性风险配置方案,在计算用户保护水平时,通过直接计算故障偏差对定位误差的影响大小来解决未知故障偏差的估计问题,对于系统的可用性给出了更精确的评定。试验分析结果表明,钟差辅助对于提高单星座ARAIM算法的可用性具有显著的作用。     

多源遥感影像湿地检测概率潜在语义分析

提出了一种基于概率潜在语义分析的多源遥感影像湿地检测方法。首先提取高分辨率影像的光谱、纹理和湿地场景的地物组成成分,并结合由多光谱遥感数据提取的湿地地表温度、土壤含水量,组成湿地场景的特征空间;然后利用概率潜在语义分析将湿地场景表示成多个潜在语义的组合,并用潜在语义的权值向量来描述湿地场景的特征空间;最后利用SVM分类器实现湿地场景的检测。试验表明,概率潜在语义分析能够将湿地的高维特征空间映射到低维的潜在语义空间中,地物组成成分和定量环境特征的加入能更加有效地表征湿地特征空间,提高湿地检测精度。     

卫星多故障探测和识别的独立分量分析法

鉴于独立分量对异常值具有较强的敏感性,提出了基于独立分量分析(ICA)的伪距多变量时间序列异常值探测算法,并且利用契比雪夫不等式给出了异常值探测的阈值,引入时间序列干预模型估计了潜在故障扰动的大小,根据3σ准则确定出故障星的位置。根据RAIM的实时性要求,采用滑动窗口的思想对上述批处理探测算法进行改造,本文提出了一种卫星多故障在线探测和识别的新算法,并给出了新RAIM算法的实施流程。利用5个iGMAS北斗监测站的民用观测数据对新算法进行验证,试验分析结果表明,新算法对于卫星多故障的实时处理具有较好的效果,且其故障正确探测率优于以往的RANCO方法。     

运城盆地秋冬季PM2.5传输特征和源区分析

利用2017-2019年空气质量监测数据，采用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式、聚类分析、潜在源贡献因子分析法（PSCF）和浓度权重轨迹分析法（CWT），对运城市秋冬季大气PM2.5传输路径、对应重污染的天气形势和潜在源区进行分析。结果表明：（1）运城近地层盛行偏东风时污染频率高，弱的偏东风和西南风时，污染物浓度较大。秋冬季PM2.5后向轨迹西北方向最多达53.53%，偏东方向最少为11.25%，偏西方向和西南方向介于两者之间，分别为16.61%和12.06%。（2）不同轨迹对应天气形势不同，西北和偏西轨迹下，500 hPa高度场上为两槽一脊或偏西气流，700～850 hPa受脊前西北气流影响，地面为高压前底部型或均压场型；西南轨迹下，500 hPa高度场上为偏西气流，700～850 hPa运城处于槽前西南气流，地面气压场为高压前底部（底部）或均压场。（3）运城PM2.5潜在源区主要位于陕西南部、四川东部和新疆东南、甘肃的东南部等地区，说明影响运城秋冬季PM2.5的浓度除了来自汾渭平原西南部的颗粒物区域输送，来自西北方向新疆、甘肃的远距离颗粒物传输也是重要来源。