New evidences on the climatic causes of the formation of the spring persistent rains over southeastern China

The spring persistent rains (SPR) over southeastern China (SEC) are a unique synoptic and climatic phenomenon in East Asia. A former study has found that the southwesterly flow which lies on the southeastern flank of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is one of the deflected westerly flows of the TP, and it is suggested to be the direct climatic cause of SPR. This study found that the southwesterly flow is also highly correlated with the sensible heating of the southeastern TP in interannual variability, in addition to having a high correlation in seasonal variability. These facts suggest that the thermal forcing of the TP is another important climatic cause of SPR. Numerical sensitivity experiments further prove that the mechanical and thermal forcings of the TP are the climatic causes of the formation of the SPR. On the other hand, the Nanling Mountains and Wuyi Mountains (NWM) over southeastern China not only increase the SPR precipitation amount evidently, but also make the SPR rain belt move to the south by blocking the strong southwesterly flow.     

月相对江南春雨年际变率的可能影响

验证华南气候谚语“六月逢双暑，有米无柴煮”的符号正确率达到90％，其内部隐含的物理本质可能反映的是月球相对于地球的位相（月相）的年际变化对华南前汛期降水的影响。将其推广到一般情况，求得月相与华南前汛期降水以及江南春雨的相关分布图，表明相关显著，特别是与江南春雨的关系更为密切。计算了月相与江南春雨的30年滑动相关，发现该相关具有很高的稳定性。小波分析表明两者具有相同的2～3年显著周期，说明它们之间内部可能存在物理联系。因此，月相可以作为江南（华南）预测春季（前汛期）降水的一个重要的预报参考判据。月相对降水影响的内部物理机制目前尚不清楚，可能是日月的引潮力的年际变化引起的。     

江南春雨的气候成因机制研究

春季位于长江中下游以南(中国东南部, 以下简称江南)的江南春雨是东亚独特的天气气候现象, 通过气候平均资料分析和敏感性数值模式试验揭示了其可能的气候成因机制. 江南处于青藏高原(以下简称高原)东南侧的强劲西南风风速中心的下游, 具有强烈的风速和水汽辐合, 这正是形成江南春雨的直接原因. 该西南风风速春季的季节演变与高原东南部的感热加热的季节演变趋势一致, 表明江南春雨不仅与高原机械强迫绕流西南风有关, 还与其热力作用形成的气旋性低压环流西南风有关. 敏感性数值试验表明, 无高原时西南风风速中心消失, 江南春雨雨带亦随之消失; 当高原隆升时, 高原东南侧低层西南风速几乎线性地随高原主体总非绝热加热的增强而增大, 说明该西南风风速中心的出现正是高原的机械强迫作用和热力作用的结果. 资料分析和模式试验充分表明, 青藏高原在江南春雨的气候形成中起到了根本性的作用.