松嫩平原西部沼泽湿地景观格局动态变化研究

湿地退化及其所带来的负面影响使人们认识到湿地生态系统生态功能的重要性.因此,作为功能研究基础的景观格局及其动态变化的研究显得尤为重要.在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,运用土地利用变化指数和景观格局指数模型,对处于生态脆弱区的松嫩平原西部沼泽湿地景观格局及动态变化进行了定量研究,结果表明:松嫩平原西部沼泽景观格局发生了显著变化.松嫩平原西部现有沼泽湿地面积4 488.13 km2,近50年来减少了62.54%;2000年斑块密度为1954年的1.67倍,且最大斑块面积和最大斑块周长均减小,说明沼泽景观破碎化严重;松嫩平原西部沼泽湿地分布质心发生偏移,近50年,向西北方向偏移了19.4 km,主轴方向顺时针旋转了9.23o,表明了沼泽湿地景观具有破碎化和萎缩的趋势,并且呈现出不平衡性:湿地的萎缩程度偏重于研究区的东南部;得出松嫩平原西部沼泽湿地减少及生态环境恶化主要是由该区生态环境原生脆弱性和人类不合理的开发利用方式导致的.通过景观格局变化的研究为沼泽湿地格局优化和生物保护提供参考.     

Quantitative study of landscape patterns in homogenous carbonate rock distributed regions in Guizhou

With the utilization of GIS software, research is conducted on （a） the characteristics of cells, fragmentation, and patch fractal of landscape based on homogenous carbonate rocks in Guizhou; （b） causes of the formation of these characteristics. It has been found that under the influence of lithology, the landscape of the study region as a whole shows consistency, yet embodies distinct diversity inside. The consistency is embodied in the following aspects： （a） the preponderant landscape consists of bushes and small woods; （b） secondary landscape is characteristic of forests and grounds covered with grass; （c） of all the patches making up the study area small patches are in the majority, with positive-skewed distribution of patches-as a result, steep peaks are characteristic of the charts showing the distribution of patches. The factor of scale is not taken into account in the study of patches. The shapes of patches tend to be regular with strong disturbances from human activities, and consequently, the values of fractal dimensions of landscape types tend to get smaller. The fragmentation of patches is more apparent in landscape under influence of human activities than the one without these disturbances. Compared with regions characteristic of homogenous dolomite, the characteristics of homogenous limestone areas are described as follows： （a） low utilization rate of water resource; （b） uneven distribution of diversified landscape; （c） weak resistance against disturbances from human activities; （d） the continuous degradation, ever-increasing fragmentation, intensification of spatial heterogeneity, and the deteriorating stability of landscape.     

本溪地质遗迹与地质公园的开发建设

本文比较详细的说明了本溪地区存在的地质遗迹,并进一步论述了本溪地质遗迹的特征及保护现状,提出了开发建设本溪地质公园的设想,这对本溪地区旅游资源的保护及旅游业的发展有着十分重要的意义。     

中国西北半干旱区土地景观变化成因--以榆林市为例

1 Introduction Landscape change is a result of the complex interactions between physical, biological, political, economic and social driving forces (Moody and Woodcock 1995; Apan et al., 2002). Landscape in arid and semi-arid China is extremely vulnerabl…     

快速城市化过程中城市土地覆被的时空动态特征

1990~2005年间,是广州市经济快速发展和城市景观变化最大的时期,以同时段TM影像解译得到广州市的土地覆被类型图,从数量结构、空间信息及位置转移和景观等方面,分析了广州市土地覆被的动态特征.数量结构的研究结果显示:在快速城市化过程中广州市的耕地、林地等自然资源的利用程度在加大,自1995年起,这种变化的趋势开始减缓;土地覆被类型之间的信息与位置的转移变化频繁,并且表现出空间位置分异的特征.景观特征指数分析结果表明:广州市城市土地覆被向破碎化方向发展,城市建设用地呈扩展之势.     

Nurturing Relationships: the gardens of Greek and Vietnamese migrants in Marrickville,Sydney

First- and second-generation migrants represent about 40 per cent of the Australian population. With such a large and also diverse immigrant population, urban landscapes are significantly shaped by the gardens created by migrants. Two groups of Vietnamese and Greek migrants, in the inner suburb of Marrickville South in Sydney, were interviewed to examine the relationship between migration history and garden-making practices. Garden composition was influenced by migrants’ relationship with their homeland, in terms of length of time since migration, previous garden ownership, reason for migration and desire for cultural continuity, and by the size of the garden. Gardens also varied according to country of migration. The actual garden produce and type of environment created by the garden helped to emphasise and maintain cultural relationships, provide a space of nostalgia, and give a sense of ownership and control.     

Kaleidoscoping Landscapes,Shifting Perspectives

Landscapes change in complex ways, creating surface patterns reminiscent of forms seen through a kaleidoscope. On the Earth's surface, those forms are linked to, and caused by, processes that originate with bedrock‐soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere interactions. Human‐caused alterations to landscapes are additionally tied to socioeconomic processes. Evaluation of landscape‐level processes can benefit from examining (1) the influence of disturbance regimes in altering landscape patterns, (2) the importance of considering surficial processes, (3) the subtle and cryptic spatial relations that may be present, (4) the reciprocal relationships among local processes and regional consequences, (5) the increased likelihood of some land cover transitions compared to others, and (6) the special case of landscapes with long histories of human use. These are all examples of potential fruitful arenas for interactions and represent a path for expansion of landscape ecology through accommodation of a broad range of content covered by the international GIScience community.     

HUMBOLDT'S MEXICAN TEXTS AND LANDSCAPES*

ABSTRACT. While in New Spain from 1803 to 1804, Alexander von Humboldt interacted with some of its landscapes and the texts that represented them. Analysis of those interactions regarding the Basin of Mexico and the Gulf lowlands demonstrates what purely text‐based studies of the production of places cannot: The contrasting landscape elements and patterns that had emerged over millennia during precolonial times in those two places, their relative degrees of depopulation during the colonial era, and the relative degrees of rigor Humboldt applied to interacting with the resulting landscapes and the texts that represented them greatly affected his representations of those places in his 1811 Essai politique sur le royaume de la Nouvelle‐Espagne. His representations of the precolonial Basin of Mexico as productively developed and of the precolonial Gulf lowlands as pristine have influenced the transformations of those places in the two centuries after New Spain became the Mexican republic through its wars of independence (1810–1821).     

黑龙江省中部森林沼泽区 超低密度深穿透地球化学调查采样介质的确定

通过对王水溶矿法与四酸溶矿法的对比,元素在泛滥平原A层、B层沉积物及水系沉积物中的分配,以及这3种介质圈定的异常对比等综合因素的研究,确定了泛滥平原A层沉积物是黑龙江省中部森林沼泽区开展超低密度深穿透地球化学调查的有效采样介质。