DAS24-3B数据采集系统采集控制模块的工作原理

DAS24-3B是中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研制的宽频带地震数据采集系统。采集控制模块是该系统的重要组成部分。本文阐述了控制模块的工作原理，介绍了DAS24-3B系统的基本组成和采集器工作过程，并给出该系统如何与笔记本端应用程序界面通讯和联络的操作建议，使该系统能够在工作中发挥更大的作用。     

Boreal temperature variability inferred from maximum latewood density and tree-ring width data, Wrangell Mountain region, Alaska

Variations in both width and density of annual rings from a network of tree chronologies were used to develop high-resolution proxies to extend the climate record in the Wrangell Mountain region of Alaska. We developed a warm-season (July–September) temperature reconstruction that spans A.D. 1593–1992 based on the first eigenvector from principal component analysis of six maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies. The climate/tree-growth model accounts for 51% of the temperature variance from 1958 to 1992 and shows cold in the late 1600s–early 1700s followed by a warmer period, cooling in the late 1700s–early 1800s, and warming in the 20th century. The 20th century is the warmest of the past four centuries. Several severely cold warm-seasons coincide with major volcanic eruptions. The first eigenvector from a ring-width (RW) network, based on nine chronologies from the Wrangell Mountain region (A.D. 1550–1970), is correlated positively with both reconstructed and recorded Northern Hemisphere temperatures. RW shows a temporal history similar to that of MXD by increased growth (warmer) and decreased growth (cooler) intervals and trends. After around 1970 the RW series show a decrease in growth, while station data show continued warming, which may be related to increasing moisture stress or other factors. Both the temperature history based on MXD and the growth trends from the RW series are consistent with well-dated glacier fluctuations in the Wrangell Mountains and some of the temperature variations also correspond to variations in solar activity.     

Global thermal and dynamical perturbations due to Cretaceous mantle avalanche

The numerical models of mantle convection agree to depict avalanches behaviour according to the level of endothermicity of the spinel → perovskite phase change. Their potential effects on the global thermal and dynamical states of the mantle have been computed thanks to a numerical code, which takes into account both the 400-km exothermic and the 660-km endothermic phase changes. The cycle followed by the avalanches is: local layering, destabilization of the 660-km thermal layer, travelling and spreading on the core, and reappearing of the local layering. Therefore, mantle convection is characterized by quiet periods of partial layering embedded in catastrophic events. During the avalanche, the amplitude of the surface velocity is multiplied by two, which would imply an enhanced plate tectonic and ridge activities. The global thermal effects of the avalanche are compatible with a high mantle temperature and an acceleration of Earth's rotation during the Cretaceous. They also offer a coherent explanation to locate the origin of mantle plumes both within the CMB and just below the transition zone.     

20世纪80～90年代我国气候增暖进程的统计事实

运用统计诊断方法分析了近50年来我国年平均及四季的气温变化特征，重点研究了20世纪90年代和80年代气温变化的主要差异及其增暖进程。结果表明，我国年平均气温是呈上升趋势的，但80年代以前年代际变化并不明显, 升温幅度不大。我国气候增暖始于20世纪80年代后期，90年代增暖加速，急剧增暖的主要原因是长江流域以南地区经历了由偏冷向偏暖的趋势转变。我国四季气温变化趋势在80～90年代增暖的进程中存在明显差异:其中冬季增暖开始时间最早、幅度最大、持续时间最长；90年代我国气候增暖急剧加速，其原因除了冬季气温持续攀升作用外，春、夏、秋季气温上升, 特别是春、夏季增暖幅度的加大增暖区域的显著扩展也起到很重要的作用。     

陕南2002-06-08暴雨洪水灾害分析

利用太原市1961年至2000年气温和降水资料，以1971年至2000年各要素的平均值作为基本气候态，统计分析近40a来的气候变化情况，结果表明：40a来太原市气温呈非连续的增温趋势，平川上升率为0．273℃／10a，山区上升率为0．266℃／10a；降水量呈减少趋势，平川减少率为38．07mm/10a，山区减少率为20．75mm/10a。气候变化具有明显的阶段性、突变性和时空不对称性特征。     

江西2003年夏季罕见高温气候特征及成因分析

对江西省2003年夏季罕见高温干旱的强度、气候历史地位、500hPa环流形势特征和海温特征等进行了分析。结果表明,2003年夏季高温强度在多项指标上均排建国以来第一位;在500hPa环流形势上具有特殊的分布特征;在前期环流形势场和海温场上具有一些前兆特征,有较好的预报意义。     

强震前大气层中温压相关特征的异常显示

对中国大陆已发生的多次7级以上强震震中区气温、气压资料进行了研究，结果表明：在大震前（30天之内），气温－气压函数的平衡状态被破坏，其相关系数（代数值）不断增大，“正弓”形可作为短临异常的标志，同时对其成因也进行了初步探讨。     

温度客观预报自动化业务系统

介绍了一以Ｔ６３数值预报产品为因子，用卡尔曼滤波方法作４８小时最高，最低温度客观预报方法及其自动化业务系统，能补充目前地市台温度预报主要依靠主观预报的不足，对温度有一定的预报能力。     

人类活动中温室气体的排放对气温影响综述

本文广泛参阅了国内外科学家的研究成果，综合论述分析了几种主要温室气体的源、汇及其浓度变化特征，研究分析了其增暖潜力，温室效应的强度和对人类社会各方面的影响，提出人类为保护自身的生存环境，必须严格控制温室气体的排放量。     

席状岩浆房中的岩浆冷却及动力稳定性

关于岩浆房中岩浆的结晶分异方式一直存在着争议，其基本矛盾在于对岩浆冷却历史及热不稳定性可能引起的对流形式的理解各不相同。本文在充分考虑席状岩浆房的基本物理特征的基础上，建立了稳定岩浆体系的动态冷却模型，并以攀枝花层状岩体为例，计算了相应的温度场、密度场及粘度场。同时，提出了一种基于能量守恒的、对热不稳定性进行分析的新方法。计算了热不稳定性可能引起的对流强度、对流区域及对流时间，并深入讨论了在一定的热不稳定状态下，不同的岩浆屈服强度对对流特征参量的影响。结果表明，在该岩体的整个固化过程中，如果曾发生过自发对流，其对流也是极微弱而短暂的，不会影响中下部岩浆房中岩浆的固化和结晶。这一结论与对该岩体的实际观察相符。