基于DEM的遥感数据复原方法研究

介绍了一种基于数字高程模型（DEM）的遥感数据复原新方法。此方法将地形因子作为最主要的作用因子，不考虑卫星传感过程中的随机影响。首先，根据基础地理数据，按其等高线层生成DEM； 然后，利用DEM，通过实测样点、DEM和经过纠正的遥感数据的信息融合，进行遥感数据中像元样点的坡度、坡向分析，建立DEM与遥感信息的相关关系模型，以数学统计方法描述地形因子对遥感数据的作用机理； 最后，进行逐像元的遥感信息复原(归一化)。结果表明，该方法具有较好的信息复原效果，可消除或减少地形对遥感数据的影响，增强遥感技术在山区复杂地形下的实用性。     

微波辅助提取-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中无机砷

建立了微波辅助提取-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中无机砷的分析方法。用正交试验设计结合单因素试验优化了样品粒度、提取温度、提取时间、固液比等微波提取条件，研究了共存离子对无机砷测定的干扰情况。方法的线性范围为0．25～40．0μg/g，无机砷的检出限为0．05μg/g，样品加标回收率为92．9％～105．0％。方法的精密度（RSD，n=11）为0．3％。与水浴提取法相比，微波辅助提取法具有快速、高效的优势。方法已用于分析3个不同产地有代表性土壤中无机砷含量。     

南口虎峪中元古界大红峪组混积岩系的层序地层划分——海侵砂岩中的微生物席碎片简介

北京西北郊南口虎峪一带的中元古界长城系大红峪组发育完整，以一套混积岩系为特征。在南口虎峪剖面中，海侵体系域砂岩地层与高水位体系域砂泥质白云岩和叠层石白云岩组成了较有规律的层序地层相序，可以作为混积岩系层序地层划分的典型代表。在大红峪组的海侵体系域砂岩中，交余波痕、微生物形成的砂质碎片和皱饰构造表明了席底的发育，特别是其中所发育的微生物砂质碎片不但代表了碎屑岩中的一种特殊的“内碎屑”，而且其特殊的形态和产出特点成为窥视前寒武纪砂岩中席底发育的一种典型标志，从而有益于今后对类似沉积构造的阐释与研究；高水位体系域砂泥质白云岩中的纹理化构造似乎也是一种席底构造，它与其中的叠层石生物丘一起代表了前寒武纪海底微生物孤军作战的特殊生境。对该剖面大红峪组的初步研究表明，在前寒武纪地层中，除了要关注叠层石之类的微生物沉积构造以外，碎屑岩中也存在微生物活动的若干证据印席底构造（第五类原生沉积构造），由此说明正是由于微生物新陈代谢的多样性才使其成为地球上无所不在及其无与伦比的巨大生物量。     

大陆科学钻探先导孔（CCSD—P1）橄榄岩地幔属性及动力学意义

早中生代的扬子大陆向华北大陆的深俯冲碰撞作用以及中、新生代的华北东部岩石圈减薄作用是国际大陆动力学问题研究的两个热点。然而，把它们有机联系起来，探讨深部岩石圈演化动力学过程的研究还很少。报道了中国大陆科学钻探先导孔（CCSD-PP1）橄榄岩的矿物岩石化学分析结果。这些橄榄岩亏损玄武质组分（如低w（CaO＋Al2O3）、高Mg^#等），并经历了中元古代来自软流圈的碳酸岩熔体的交代作用和早中生代的超高压再平衡过程。结合已发表的华北捕虏体橄榄岩资料，对这一橄榄岩的原始地幔属性进行了分析。发现CCSD-PP1橄榄岩与华北古老岩石圈地幔组成相似，是早中生代来自华北岩石圈的构造侵入体。早中生代华北岩石圈的伸展减薄与苏鲁超高压变质岩石的折返提供了早期软流圈物质上涌的构造体制。     

Implications of the Precambrian Non-stromatolitic Carbonate Succession Making up the Third Member of Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan Area of North China

A particular non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang (高于庄) Formation might demonstrate that a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma besides other three events of the Proterozoic,respectively,occurred at ca. 2 000 Ma,ca. 1 000 Ma,and ca. 675 Ma. The forming duration of this non-stromatolitic carbonate succession can be generally correlative to that of a similar depositional succession in North America,i.e. a non-stromatolitic carbonate succession made up by the Helena Formation of the Belt Supergroup,which suggests that the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma may be a global event. This information endows the non-stromatolitic carbonate succession making up the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation in the Yanshan (燕山) area with important significance for the further understanding of Precambrian sedimentology. The Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in Yanshan area is a set of more than 1 000 m thick carbonate strata that can be divided into four members (or subformations). The first member (or the Guandi (官地) subformation) is marked by a set of stromatolitic dolomites overlying a set of transgressive sandstones; the second member (or the Sangshu'an (桑树鞍) subformation) is a set of manganese dolomites with a few stromatolites; the third member (or the Zhangjiayu (张家峪) subformation) is chiefly made up of leiolite and laminite limestones and is characterized by the development of molar-tooth structures in leiolite limestone; the fourth member (or the Huanxiusi (环秀寺) subformation) is composed of a set of dolomites of stromatolitic reefs or lithoherms. Sequence-stratigraphic divisions at two sections,i.e. the Jixian (蓟县) Section in Tianjin (天津) and the Qiangou (千沟) Section of Yanqing (延庆) County in Beijing (北京),demonstrate that a particularly non-stromatolitic succession making up the third member of the Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation is developed in the Yanshan area of North China,in which lots of grotesque matground structures (wrinkle structures and palimpsest ripples) are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Qiangou Section and lots of molar-tooth structures are developed in beds of leiolite limestone at the Jixian Section. The time scale of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation is deduced as 200 Ma (from 1 600 Ma to 1 400 Ma). The duration of an obvious hiatus between the Gaoyuzhuang Formation and the underlying Dahongyu (大红峪) Formation is deduced as 50 Ma to 100 Ma,thus the forming duration of the GaoyuzhuangFormation is thought as 100 Ma (1 500 Ma to 1 400 Ma). Furthermore,the age of the subface of the third member of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation that is just in the mid position of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation can be deduced as about 1 450 Ma,which is the basis to infer a stromatolite decline of the Mesoproterozoic occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma. Importantly,several features of both the molar-tooth structure and the stromatolite,such as the particular forming environment,the important facies-indicative meaning,and the episodic distribution in the earth history,might express the evolutionary periodicity of the surface environment of the earth and can provide meaningful clues for the understanding of the Precambrian world,although their origin and forming mechanism is highly contentious. Therefore,like other three stromatolitic declines,respectively,occurring at ca. 675 Ma,ca. 1 000 Ma,and ca. 2 000 Ma,the identification of the stromatolite decline occurring at ca. 1 450 Ma during the Golden Age of stromatolites (2 800 Ma to 1 000 Ma) has important meaning for the further understanding of the evolving carbonate world of the Precambrian.     

AutoCAD在防雷设计中的常用技巧

介绍AutoCAD防雷设计图通过OLE对象直接粘贴、屏幕拷贝功能和画图程序转换图片、Export功能转换通用图片、Plot功能转换通用图片4种方式与Microsoft Word软件间进行数据交流的技巧,及4种方法的优缺点,介绍在AutoCAD绘图环境下如何利用Microsoft Excel软件快速制作表格;对AutoCAD在防雷设计图中存在的版本不兼容、文字乱码、错误图形文件3个常见问题作了分析,并给出了解决办法。     

青海滩间山金矿床成矿模式

滩间山金矿床位于柴达木地块北缘,产于中元古界蓟县系万洞沟群碳质糜棱片岩和华力西晚期侵入岩中。矿床形成与柴北缘区域地壳多阶段演化和多次成矿作用有关,属多因复成矿床。矿床是在热水沉积、区域变质、热变质等预富集的基础上,与区域绿片岩相韧性剪切带的退化演化同步,经历了脆韧性、韧脆性和脆性剪切变形成矿阶段的演化并遭受华力西晚期侵入岩浆活动的叠加改造形成的。成矿物质来自容矿黑色岩系和华力西晚期侵入岩。     

甘肃北山南带巨型韧性剪切带一条大型金矿成矿带

目前关于韧性剪切带对金矿的控制已引起广泛的重视。我们在承担地矿部“九五”资源攻关课题(9502011—02项目)时,发现在甘肃北山南带存在一条巨型的韧性剪切带,它控制了小西弓金矿、金庙井金矿、金庙沟金矿、乌龙泉金矿以及十余处金矿化点。研究表明,这条巨型韧性剪切带是一条大型的金矿成矿带,为今后地质找矿提供了重要线索。     

铂双峰矿—双峰矿的新变种

铂双峰矿产在纯橄榄岩铝矿体中。在铝矿石及矿体邻近的砂矿中均可找到。呈块状聚集体或板片状自形晶,与疏钻矿、含锇自然铱紧密共生。脉状的宽20～301μm,长400～500μm,一般10μm×20μm。金属光泽。条痕黑色。HM=3．05。VHN20=92kg／mm2（平均）。{0001}解理完全。性脆。计算密度为10．21g／cm2。反射色;亮黄白带淡蓝色。内反射无。非均质性中等,偏光色为淡蓝或淡黄。双反射或反射多色性在空气中或油中均未见。5个电子探针分析数据平均（wt％）：Cu0．2,Te57.2,Ir24.5,Pt17．2,Bi0．4,总量99．5。实验式为：（IR0．57Pt0.39Cu0.01）0．98（Te1.99Bi0.01）2.00。简化理论式为（11,Pt）Te2。4条最强X射线粉晶衍射线hkl,d,I为：101,2．87（100）;102,2．10（70）;110,1．98（60）;103,1．58O（50）。根据X射线粉晶数据进行指标化,获得铂双峰矿晶胞数据：三方晶系,P3ml,a=0．3973（5）,c＝0．5315（5）um,V＝0．0727nm3,Z=1。铂双峰矿是笔者对双峰矿研究的继续与补充。     

山西大同钾镁煌斑岩地质地球化学特征

根据饮牛沟钾镁煌斑岩的岩石学、岩石化学、矿物化学、微量及稀土元素地球化学特征,本文认为该岩体属钾镁煌斑岩,但在矿物成分及化学成分上与世界上典型的含金刚石的钾镁煌斑岩相比,相对贫钛和钾,未出现含Ｋ,Ｂａ,Ｔｉ,Ｚｒ的副矿物。该岩体的成因可能为母岩部分熔融后又经分离结晶作用而形成的,岩浆起源于贫钛的金云母二辉橄榄岩,形成深度１００ｋｍ左右。