基于AMSR-E数据的中国地区微波湿度指数研究

土壤中的水分是地球生态系统的重要组成部分,在全球水循环中发挥着重要的作用。基于被动微波数据提取的湿度指数因其具有全天候、高时间分辨率和数据处理简单等优点,大大推进了大范围地区土壤湿度的重复观测。基于AMSR-E(advanced microwave scanning radiometer-earth observing system)数据提取了8种微波湿度指数,利用密云和汉中气象台站的数据,分别对各个微波湿度指数进行时间序列分析,通过比较得到与降水量相关性较好的垂直极化多时相微波湿度指数PIV,6.9和比值指数DIV,10.7;在此基础上,分析该2种微波湿度指数在密云和汉中10像元×12像元矩形区域随降水量的变化;同时,与10.7 GHz的微波极化差异指数(microwave polarization difference index,MPDI)进行比较,评价3种指数对土壤湿度的监测优劣;在全国范围内,分别对3种微波湿度指数与降水量进行相关分析,得到全国土壤湿度监测的最优指数。结果表明:PIV,6.9作为一种新的微波湿度指数效果最优,可以用于全国范围的土壤湿度监测研究。     

Numerical Simulation of Waves Generated by Seafloor Movements

Waves generated by vertical seafloor movements are simulated by use of a fully nonlinear two-dimensional numerical wave tank. In the souree region, the seafloor lifts to a designated height by a generation function. The numerical tests show that the linear theory is only valid for estimating the wave behaviors induced by the seafloor movements with a small amplitude, and the fully nonlinear numerical model should be adopted in the simulation of the wave generation by the large amplitude seafloor movements. Without the background surface waves, many numerical tests on the stable maximum elevations η0^max are carried out by beth the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model. The results of two models are compared and analyzed. For the fully nonlinear model, the influences of the amplitudes and the horizontal lengths on η^max are stronger than that of the characteristic duration times. Furthermore, results reveal that there are significant differences be- tween the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model. When the influences of the background surface waves are considered, the corresponding numerical analyses reveal that with the fully nonlinear model the η0^max near-linearly varies with the wave amplitudes of the surface waves, and the η0^max has significant dependences on the wave lengths and the wave phases of the surface waves. In addition, the differences between the linear theory and the fully nonlinear model are still obvious, and these differences are significantly affected by the wave parameters of the background surface waves, such as the wave amplitude, the wave length and the wave phase.     

Determination of fractional energy loss of waves in nearshore waters using an improved high-order Boussinesq-type model

Fractional energy losses of waves due to wave breaking when passing over a submerged bar are studied systematically using a modified numerical code that is based on the high-order Boussinesq-type equations.The model is first tested by the additional experimental data,and the model's capability of simulating the wave transformation over both gentle slope and steep slope is demonstrated.Then,the model's breaking index is replaced and tested.The new breaking index,which is optimized from the several breaking i...     

Large eddy simulation of the rotation effect on the ocean turbulence kinetic energy budget in the surface mixed layer

A non-hydrostatic, Boussinesq, and three-dimensional large eddy simulation(LES) model was used to study the impact of the Earth's rotation on turbulence and the redistribution of energy in turbulence kinetic energy(TKE) budget. A set of numerical simulations was conducted,(1) with and without rotation,(2) at different latitudes(10°N, 30°N, 45°N, 60°N, and 80°N),(3) with wave breaking and with Langmuir circulation, and(4) under different wind speeds(5, 10, 20, and 30 m/s). The results show that eddy viscosity decreases when rotation is included, indicating that rotation weakens the turbulence strength. The TKE budget become tight with rotation and the effects of rotation grow with latitude. However, rotation become less important under Langmuir circulation since the transport term is strong in the vertical direction. Finally, simulations were conducted based on field data from the Boundary Layer and Air-Sea Transfer Low Wind(CBLAST-Low) experiment. The results, although more complex, are consistent with the results obtained from earlier simulations using ideal numerical conditions.     

泰来县蒙古族乡镇资源开发脱贫致富的构想与探索

在泰来县的12个乡镇中，有江桥镇、胜利乡、宁姜乡三个蒙古族乡镇，15个少数民族聚居村。这三个蒙古族乡镇共有少数民族18543人，占全县人口的5．69％，总土地面积为1523293．2亩，占全县所属乡镇土地面积的27．54％。     

旅游资源经营权转让问题探讨——以四川雅安“碧峰峡模式”为例

在中国旅游产业对外开放程度逐步提高，各地加快旅游大发展的背景下，如何看待旅游资源经营权转让问题，就成为当前经济理论和旅游发展实践中面临的一个新问题。本文在分析我国旅游资源经营现状的基础上，以“碧峰峡模式”为例，对旅游资源经营权转让的现实意义加以分析，并进一步阐述在实施旅游资源经营权转让过程中应注意的若干问题。     

面向对象的地理遥感信息模型

地理遥感信息模型是在地形模型，物理模型。数学模型上提出的一种新型模型。面向对象技术是一种新型的系统建模技术，该文论述面向对象技术应用于地理遥感信息模型建模的可行性，以面向对象技术基本理论为指导，采用面向对象分析方法，将地理事物分类，抽象成具有一定地理意义的独立因子团（即面向对象模型中的对象和类）。提出了面向对象的地理遥感信息模型的建模方法，数据结构以及建模优势。     

一种面要素语义位置的GeoSOT网格定位方法

为解决传统地图查询方法中对复杂地址对象难以定位的问题,该文面向地理网格的时空大数据分析需求,结合面要素特点与语义分析,提出一种面要素语义位置的GeoSOT网格定位方法。首先通过最小外包矩形(Minimum Bounding Rectangle,MBR)将面要素以九宫格形式分割成9个区块,单独计算各区块的网格编码集合;然后提取位置语句中的名称与空间关系,根据具体情境进行直接查询,或利用网格编码计算目标位置;最后根据语义考虑是否对编码结果做差集运算,从而得到目标的GeoSOT网格定位范围。实验表明,对比现有的地图服务,该方法能够实现语境更加复杂的位置定位,具有可行性和有效性,其提供的未知要素推理定位方法能够有效补充、扩展原有的面要素数据集,可为后续针对面状区域的时空大数据分析提供网格化的数据资源。     

基于EPS2008平台的地理国情普查内业数据生产质检模块设计与实现

主要叙述了在地理国情内业数据生产时,基于EPS2008地理信息工作站实现系统、自动化对数据进行质量检查的过程,主要包括数据合法性检查、空间逻辑关系检查、属性取值范围、国情地表约束检查等质检功能的设计和组合,最终以模块化运行质检功能,提高了数据质检效果和效率。     

基础测绘产品元数据及附属产品的快速自动化生产

元数据是基础地理信息数据库中的重要组成部分,本文结合工作中的实例,简要地叙述了基于EPS平台,应用VBS语言进行脚本二次开发,自动化生产基础地理信息元数据及其他附属产品的技术方案设计与实现过程,并针对其中的关键技术问题进行了阐述。