利用遥感影像进行城市绿化与城市热岛研究——以永新县为例

采用卫星遥感方法,按照江西省住房和城乡建设厅规定的技术标准,全面查清了永新县建成区范围内的绿地及绿化覆盖状况。结合城市热岛效应分析数据,检验永新县城市绿地系统规划执行情况、城市绿化及生态环境建设情况,为城市发展总体规划、政府有关部门决策提供科学依据。     

嘉山地震台大地电场观测异常干扰研究

地电场观测是地震电磁前兆观测方法之一,由于其观测物理量所受到的干扰因素较多,因此通过对嘉山地震台大地电场观测中常出现的地电阻率同场观测干扰、雷电干扰、降雨影响、电极极化、磁暴干扰等5种干扰和典型变化形态进行识别分析,可有效剔除干扰,从而为提取地震前兆信息,分析和运用地电场资料进行地震预报提供可靠依据,也为观测场地大致相同的其他台站提供参考。     

一个北极区域冰海耦合模式的设置与应用

介绍了一个北极区域冰-海耦合数值模式的设置与应用。海洋模式基于MIT海洋环流数值模式,海冰动力学过程由Hibler的粘-塑模型发展而来。海冰的热力过程基于Winton提出的三层热力学模型。给出了耦合模式的基本框架,重点介绍了区域冰-海耦合系统中较为重要的程序包,如正交网格生成技术,中尺度涡的参数化,冰-海耦合及开边界处理等。以NCEP再分析资料为大气强迫场,模拟研究了北极夏季海冰范围异常的变化特征(1992—2007),模拟得到的海冰面积变化趋势与SSM/I观测资料进行了对比,两者相关系数达到0.88,模式基本反映了海冰的年际变化特征。以2007年为例,对比分析了9月份海冰密集度分布特征,模式结果得到的海冰范围略大于观测,但基本反映了2007年夏季海冰范围的衰减形态。     

用泻利盐矿和卤水制备硫酸镁工艺探究

以盐田泻利盐矿和卤水为原料,通过兑卤、热溶、结晶法制备硫酸镁。探究了各工艺因素对产物收率及纯度的影响,找到了较佳的工艺条件;在此基础上进行粗镁精制,得到纯度99%以上的硫酸镁。     

西南黄海近岸低盐水体的来源与输送机制

In the southwestern Yellow Sea there is a low-salinity and turbid coastal water,the Subei Coastal Water(SCW).The origins of freshwater contents and thus the dissolved terrigenous nutrients in the SCW have been debated for decades.In this study,we used a well-validated numerical model to quantify the contributions of multiple rivers,i.e.,the Changjiang River in the south and the multiple Subei local rivers(SLRs) in the north,in forming this yearround low-salinity coastal water.It is found that the freshwater contents in the SCW is dominated by the Changjiang River south of 33.5°N,by the SLRs north of 34.5°N,and by both sources in 33.5°–34.5°N.Overall,the Changjiang River contributes ~70% in the dry season and ~80% in the wet season of the total freshwater contents in the SCW,respectively.Dynamics driving the Changjiang River Plume to flow northward is the tidal residual current,which can even overwhelm the wind effects in winter seasons.The residual currents turn offshore near the Old Yellow River Delta(OYRD) by the collision of the two tidal wave systems,which transport the freshwater from both sources into the interior Yellow Sea.Water age experiments show that it takes 50–150 d for the Changjiang River Plume to reach the SCW in the spring and summer seasons,thus there is a 2-month lag between the maximum freshwater content in SCW and the peak Changjiang River discharge.In the winter and autumn seasons,the low salinity in inner SCW is the remnant Changjiang River diluted water arrived in the previous seasons.     

以坡位为空间配置单元的流域管理措施情景优化方法

基于流域过程模型的BMP情景分析是当前流域管理措施评价、非点源污染控制等研究应用中广泛采用的方法,但其通常采用的BMP空间配置单元（地块、农场、水文响应单元或子流域）与坡面上的地形部位关系较弱,难以有效地根据坡面过程特点表达坡面上多种BMP之间的空间配置关系,影响了BMP情景优化效率和结果的合理性。为此,本文提出以坡位单元作为BMP空间配置单元,将各种BMP在不同坡位间合理的空间配置关系显式表达为基于坡位的空间配置规则,通过结合NSGA-II优化算法建立了一套基于坡位单元的BMP空间配置优化方法。应用案例表明,本文构建的基于坡位单元的BMP情景优化方法可有效利用基于坡位的空间配置规则进行BMP情景优化,优化所得的BMP空间配置方案更为合理,优化效率较高。     

喀拉海峡潮-地相互作用激发非线性内波的数值模拟

Nonlinear internal waves(NIWs) are ubiquitous around the Kara Sea, a part of the Arctic Ocean that is north of Siberia. Three hot spot sources for internal waves, one of which is the Kara Strait, have been identified based on Envisat ASAR. The generation and evolution of the NIWs through the interactions of the tide and topography across the strait is studied based on a nonhydrostatic numerical model. The model captures most wave characteristics shown by satellite data. A typical inter-packets distance on the Barents Sea side is about 25 km in summer, with a phase speed about 0.65 m/s. A northward background current may intensify the accumulation of energy during generation, but it has little influence on the other properties of the generated waves. The single internal solitary wave(ISW) structure is a special phenomenon that follows major wave trains, with a distance about 5–8 km. This wave is generated with the leading wave packets during the same tidal period. When a steady current toward the Kara Sea is included, the basic generation process is similar, but the waves toward the Kara Sea weaken and display an internal bore-like structure with smaller amplitude than in the control experiment. In winter, due to the growth of sea ice, stratification across the Kara Strait is mainly determined by the salinity, with an almost uniform temperature close to freezing. A pycnocline deepens near the middle of the water depth(Barents Sea side), and the NIWs process is not as important as the NIWs process in summer. There is no fission process during the simulation.     

台风“布拉万”过境黄海时的异常增温事件研究

海洋对台风的响应通常表现为海表温度的降低，然而，出现在2012年8月的台风“布拉万”在经过黄海时却引起朝鲜半岛木浦沿岸海域海表的增温(而非降温)，且增温幅度达4.2°C。本研究详细分析了此次异常事件的时空特征，并探讨了其可能的成因。结果发现，此次事件的产生和黄海表层冷水斑块(Surface Cold Patch，SCP)存在密切关系，并恰好出现在木浦SCP所在位置。上升流和潮混合是木浦SCP的两大形成机制，此次增温事件主要是台风“布拉万”通过抑制其生成机制之一的上升流而导致降温不足之故。具体而言，台风“布拉万”过境时位于木浦SCP的左侧，其上的北向风应力带来向岸的Ekman输运，造成外围暖水在木浦SCP地区堆积，从而抑制了该地区原本的上升流(甚至变为下降流)。     

水库滑坡地下水动态响应规律及浸润线计算模型

库水和降雨直接导致水库滑坡地下水变动,是诱发滑坡的主要因素。已有研究大多是基于监测数据探讨库水与降雨对滑坡变形的影响,未能揭示水库滑坡地下水响应规律,地下水浸润线计算模型没有同时考虑降雨和库水的影响,且模型边界条件与水库滑坡实际情况差别较大。为了揭示大型水库滑坡地下水动态响应规律,需要构建更接近实际情况的地下水位浸润线计算模型。通过三峡水库石榴树包滑坡地下水动态监测,揭示了库水水位变化和降雨条件下滑坡地下水水位动态响应规律,其地下水渗流场近似层流,滑坡前缘和中部的地下水水位与库水位几乎同步,滑坡后部的地下水水位主要受降雨影响,日降雨30 mm会引发地下水水位明显变动。在周期性库水位变化和随机降雨耦合条件下,建立了滑坡地下水非稳定渗流微分方程,解算出水库滑坡地下水位浸润线计算模型,并采用实际监测结果进行了验证。应用计算模型分析了不同工况条件下的滑坡渗流场,并得出滑坡内距前缘水平距离145 m内,库水对地下水有影响;引发地下水变动的降雨和库水位变化阈值分别为0.03,0.1 m/d,且不同的条件组合下降雨和库水位对地下水水位影响存在一定差异。     

长江河口北支倒灌盐通量数值分析

应用改进的三维数值模式,研究了长江河口北支倒灌盐通量.当径流量取11 000 m3/s,风况取风速为6 m/s的北风时,长江河口北支上段大潮、中潮、小潮和半月平均盐通量分别为-26.28,-14.65,-1.58和-15.83 t/s,发生北支盐分倒灌进入南支,大潮期间的盐分倒灌量远大于小潮期间.通过数值计算定量分析了...