西太平洋采薇海山和徐福海山富钴结壳稀土元素地球化学特征及来源

利用X射线衍射法、等离子体发射光谱法和等离子体质谱法分析了西太平洋采薇海山和徐福海山富钴结壳矿物相组成以及常微量元素含量,探讨稀土元素地球化学特征和物质来源。研究表明,富钴结壳样品主要结晶矿物为水羟锰矿,次要矿物包括石英、斜长石、钾长石和碳氟磷灰石,同时含有大量非晶态铁氧/氢氧化物。富钴结壳的Mn和Fe含量最高,Mn含量为16.20%～26.62%,Fe含量为8.56%～18.19%,老壳层（IV和V）发生了磷酸盐化作用。富钴结壳的稀土元素明显富集,轻稀土元素明显高于重稀土元素,稀土总量为1 842～2 854μg/g,其中,Ce约占50%。老壳层中稀土元素含量明显高于新壳层,这可能与老壳层发生磷酸盐化作用有关。稀土元素配分模式呈现Ce正异常、Eu无异常,具有明显Ce富集特征。富钴结壳的稀土元素与Ce、Y、CaO、P₂O₅、Ba和Sr具有正相关性关系,与Fe、Al₂O₃、Na₂O、K₂O、MgO、TiO₂、Pb和V具有负相关性关系,与...     

西北冰洋表层沉积物黏土矿物分布特征及物质来源

西北冰洋表层沉积物黏土矿物分析结果显示其黏土矿物组成的区域分布和变化具有明显的规律性:从楚科奇海到北冰洋深水区,随着水深的增加,蒙皂石和高岭石含量增高,绿泥石和伊利石含量降低。自西往东,伊利石结晶度值降低,化学指数升高。根据Q型聚类分析获得的黏土矿物组合特征,结合周缘陆地的地质背景、河流及洋流情况,对研究区进行了黏土矿物组合分区,讨论了其黏土矿物来源。楚科奇海表层沉积物黏土矿物组合在靠近阿拉斯加一侧海域以Ⅰ类为主,靠东西伯利亚海一侧主要有Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类,中部主要为Ⅵ类,主要是西伯利亚和阿拉斯加的火山岩、变质岩以及一些含高岭石的沉积物以及古土壤等,经风化、河流搬运入海,在北太平洋的3股洋流及西伯利亚沿岸流的作用下沉积形成的。西北冰洋深水区表层沉积物的黏土矿物组合以Ⅰ类和Ⅴ类为主,表明其沉积物来源为欧亚陆架和加拿大北极群岛周缘海域的海冰沉积和大西洋水体的搬运以及加拿大马更些河的河流物质输入。     

Estimation of potential distribution of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea

Gas hydrate research has significant importance for securing world energy resources, and has the potential to produce considerable economic benefits. Previous studies have shown that the South China Sea is an area that harbors gas hydrates. However, there is a lack of systematic investigations and understanding on the distribution of gas hydrate throughout the region. In this paper, we applied mineral resource quantitative assessment techniques to forecast and estimate the potential distribution of gas hydrate resources in the northern South China Sea. However, current hydrate samples from the South China Sea are too few to produce models of occurrences. Thus, according to similarity and contrast principles of mineral outputs, we can use a similar hydrate-mining environment with sufficient gas hydrate data as a testing ground for modeling northern South China Sea gas hydrate conditions. We selected the Gulf of Mexico, which has extensively studied gas hydrates, to develop predictive models of gas hydrate distributions, and to test errors in the model. Then, we compared the existing northern South China Sea hydrate-mining data with the Gulf of Mexico characteristics, and collated the relevant data into the model. Subsequently, we applied the model to the northern South China Sea to obtain the potential gas hydrate distribution of the area, and to identify significant exploration targets. Finally, we evaluated the reliability of the predicted results. The south seabed area of Taiwan Bank is recommended as a priority exploration target. The Zhujiang Mouth, Southeast Hainan, and Southwest Taiwan Basins, including the South Bijia Basin, also are recommended as exploration target areas. In addition, the method in this paper can provide a useful predictive approach for gas hydrate resource assessment, which gives a scientific basis for construction and implementation of long-term planning for gas hydrate exploration and general exploitation of the seabed of China.     

太平洋海山富钴结壳中铂族元素赋存状态与富集机理

通过选择性化学提取法,对太平洋采薇海山富钴结壳样品中铂族元素进行分级提取实验,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了铂族元素含量。赋存状态结果显示,富钴结壳中铂族元素在各个化学相态中富集比例从大到小依次为:铁氧化物相、残渣态、锰氧化物相、碳酸盐相、吸附态,未磷酸盐化新壳层和磷酸盐化老壳层中铂族元素都主要赋存于铁氧化物相中,其富集比例为59.26%～82.19%,残渣态中磷酸盐对铂族元素具有一定的富集能力,其富集比例为17.23%～35.37%。不同类型地质体中铂族元素的赋存状态结果,也证实了富钴结壳和海山结核中铂族元素富集主要受到铁氧化物相和残渣态的影响。太平洋海山富钴结壳中铂族元素的富集机理推测为铁氧/氢氧化物胶体粒子的吸附作用,使海水中PtC l24-离子被吸附到铁氧化物相中,从而使富钴结壳中铂族元素富集。     

大西洋中脊赤狐热液区热液产物矿物学特征及其地质意义

赤狐热液区是2019年中国在南大西洋中脊23.7°S发现的一个位于拆离断层上盘的热液区.本文利用光学显微镜、电子探针、TerraSpec?Halo矿物鉴别仪和XRD粉晶衍射仪,对该区热液产物进行了矿物学和矿物成分研究.结果表明,赤狐热液区热液产物可分为硅质硫化物、硅质矿化角砾岩和碳酸盐质矿化角砾岩.这些产物均由不等量蚀...     

海底固体矿产资源综合信息定量评价方法初探

深海固体矿产资源,如多金属结核、富钴结壳、热液硫化物等,越来越受世界各国重视,以此为目标的调查与评价工作也越来越受重视。然而,由于深海矿产资源评价工作与陆地存在差异性,诸如调查程度低、控矿因素复杂、背景资料少、区域广大等等,陆地矿产资源评价工作中常用的定量评价方法未获得系统应用。本文尝试     

大西洋中脊13°～14°S热液沉积区地形统计分类及勘探靶区初选

基于ArcGIS平台提取水深、坡度、粗糙度等地形特征,采用全覆盖多波来声纳测深数据,将南大西洋中脊研究区划分为4 267个统计单元,提取单元内地形特征的统计参数:均值、方差、最大值、最小值;经过统计筛选,最终选取水深均值、方差、最大值、最小值,坡度均值、方差、最大值、最小值共8个变量参与地形分类;利用K-均值方法进行非监督分类,将4 267个统计单元划分为5类地形,其中1 300个统计单元为裂谷,671个为裂谷壁,150个为内角高地斜坡,1 052个为高粗糙度的高地,1 093个为低粗糙度的次高地。将地形类型与地质调查结果进行初步关联,计算各类地形100网格见矿率系数,得到"内角高地斜坡"为热液硫化物发育的大概率地形类型,建议作为后继调查的重点勘探靶区。     

基于ASP.NET技术的海洋地质样品信息网络发布

介绍了基于ASP.NET技术,以Microsoft.NET为系统开发平台、C#语言为开发语言和Oracle为数据库平台来实现海洋地质样品信息的网络发布以及远程分布式管理服务系统的结构流程和关键技术。为海洋地质样品的深入研究和样品信息广泛高效利用打下基础。     

Estimation of potential distribution of gas hydrate in the northern South China Sea

Gas hydrate research has significant importance for securing world energy resources, and has the potential to produce considerable economic benefits. Previous studies have shown that the South China Sea is an area that harbors gas hydrates. However, there is a lack of systematic investigations and understanding on the distribution of gas hydrate throughout the region. In this paper, we applied mineral resource quantitative assessment techniques to forecast and estimate the potential distribution of gas hydrate resources in the northern South China Sea. However, current hydrate samples from the South China Sea are too few to produce models of occurrences. Thus, according to similarity and contrast principles of mineral outputs, we can use a similar hydrate-mining environment with sufficient gas hydrate data as a testing ground for modeling northern South China Sea gas hydrate conditions. We selected the Gulf of Mexico, which has extensively studied gas hydrates, to develop predictive models of gas hydrate distributions, and to test errors in the model. Then, we compared the existing northern South China Sea hydrate-mining data with the Gulf of Mexico characteristics, and collated the relevant data into the model. Subsequently, we applied the model to the northern South China Sea to obtain the potential gas hydrate distribution of the area, and to identify significant exploration targets. Finally, we evaluated the reliability of the predicted results. The south seabed area of Taiwan Bank is recommended as a priority exploration target. The Zhujiang Mouth, Southeast Hainan, and Southwest Taiwan Basins, including the South Bijia Basin, also are recommended as exploration target areas. In addition, the method in this paper can provide a useful predictive approach for gas hydrate resource assessment, which gives a scientific basis for construction and implementation of long-term planning for gas hydrate exploration and general exploitation of the seabed of China.     

南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡沉积物的地磁场长期变与定年

对位于布兰斯菲尔德海峡东北部的沉积物岩心D1-7进行了初步环境磁学和古地磁研究,获得了连续的相对地磁场强度和方向。沉积物岩性总体为灰色软塑性粘土,中下部出现一层黑色火山灰层。结合该孔沉积物和有孔虫AMS¹⁴C测年结果（王汝建等未发表资料）,相对地磁场强度及其方向提供了12 ka以来连续的定年标尺,其中相对地磁场强度与具有相似沉积速率的南美Laguna Potrok Aike湖泊记录对比提供了六个对比点;同时特征剩磁倾角和磁偏角提供了另外六个对比点。磁化率各向异性分析揭示了全新世早、中和晚期岩心所在位置底流（南极深层水~1000 m）发生了阶段性显著变化,同时磁性矿物含量、粒度、沉积物湿密度等也发生了相应的变化。这些环境磁学和沉积学的变化主要受控于南极相应纬度处的太阳辐射量以及与辐射量相关的夏季季风降水量的变化,降水量增加导致磁性矿物粒度变细。D1-7也记录了一些千年尺度旋回变化,但是南极地区目前缺乏与之相似分辨率的气候参数记录,无法进一步探讨这些气候事件的缘起和分布范围。对比发现,地磁场长期变产生的年龄与沉积物全样有机碳AMS¹⁴C测年结果之间存在系统的差异,在6 ka以来比有机碳年龄年轻,在6 ka之前则比有机碳年龄老。南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡内各种不同水体的混合以及在全新世全球升温背景下冰川的动态变化和由此引起的中、深层水变化,都是造成水体性质复杂的原因。而地磁场强度和方向变化则不受水体性质的影响,因此可以提供更合理的年龄信息。自12 ka至今,25 cm/ka的平均沉积速率表明南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡地区整个全新世内稳定和丰富的沉积物供应。