土地开发整理项日管理信息系统建设

本文首先分析了我国土地开发整理的地位和现状,回顾了“十五”期间我国在土地开发整理方面做出的巨大的成绩,展望了“十一五”期间我国在土地整理工作上的投入力度和方向。在此基础上,对我国土地整理工作所采用的技术手段进行了分析,提出了实施土地开发整理工作的信息化是解决目前存在问题的有效措施,为了保证国家每年投资数十亿资金的土地开发整理项目从审查到实施各个环节的科学性和规范性,迫切要求充分利用计算机技术、网络通信技术和3S技术等先进手段加强项目的全程管理。接着,对“国家投资土地开发整理项目管理信息系统”从功能角度进行了详细的阐述,将系统划分为若干个子系统进行开发,并对一些子系统的功能进行了阐述。最后介绍了系统的应用情况。     

地理国情监测图集的设计研究

通过对陕西省地理国（省）情试点项目《陕西地理省情监测系列地图））在图集设计思路、地图编制方法等方面的探索,总结出了地理国情监测成果制图表达的基本流程,并以地图形式直观地展示地理国（省）情监测成果,探索地理国（省）情监测要素的统计图型设计,尤其是动态信息的制图表达方法,为后期的地理国情监测图集的设计、编制及图幅内容编排提供借鉴作用。     

基础数据库重点要素更新技术的运用

为提高基础地理信息数据库的现势性,需对国家基础地理信息数据库进行整合与更新。结合实际生产经验,较为全面地介绍国家基础地理信息数据库重点要素更新技术的运用、数据的生产流程及在各生产环节中的作业要点,并提出今后作业时要注意的问题,对提高基础数据库重点要素更新工作的速度和质量具有重要的实际意义。     

1∶250000数据库变量更新作业及检查过程中应注意的一些问题

1∶250 000数据库变量更新是为保持1∶250 000地形数据库的现势性,从而实现1∶250 000数据和1∶50 000数据的协调一致。本文结合笔者的生产实践经验,对在生产作业和检查过程中遇到的各种地形要素的综合取舍问题进行了整理。     

Reductions of PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations during the 2008 Olympic Games

The Atmospheric Environmental Monitoring Network successfully undertook the task of monitoring the atmospheric quality of Beijing and its surrounding area during the 2008 Olympics.The results of this monitoring show that high concentrations of PM2.5 pollution exhibited a regional pattern during the monitoring period(1 June-30 October 2008).The PM2.5 mass concentrations were 53 μg m 3,66 μg m 3,and 82 μg m 3 at the background site,in Beijing,and in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations,respectively.The PM2.5 levels were lowest during the 2008 Olympic Games(8-24 August):35 μg m 3 at the background site,42 μg m 3 in Beijing and 57 μg m 3 in the region.These levels represent decreases of 49%,48%,and 56%,respectively,compared to the prophase mean concentration before the Olympic Games.Emission control measures contributed 62%-82% of the declines observed in Beijing,and meteorological conditions represented 18%-38%.The concentration of fine particles met the goals set for a "Green Olympics."     

建筑工程竣工测量全过程中的质量控制

建筑工程竣工测量是一项服务于城市规划和城市建设的实用性测绘工作。准确、直观、明了的建筑工程竣工测量的成果资料是做好竣工测量的基本要求,也是竣工测量成果质量的保证。从建筑工程竣工测量的任务、测量精度和数据整理等方面探讨建筑工程竣工测量全过程中的质量控制。     

社区护理人文特色教学模式的构建与研究

目的探讨社区护理人文特色教学模式的构建与实施效果。方法将248名护理本科生根据年级分组,2010级116名为对照组,2011级132名为试验组。对照组按传统方法实施社区护理学教学;试验组在社区护理学教学内容、方法及手段、教学评价进行系统的教学改造与拓展,突出人文特色,采用综合考核方法了解改革效果。结果试验组学生的考试成绩、综合能力及人文关怀能力优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论建立以人文关怀为主线的特色教学模式为学生创设了一个主动参与充满人文关怀的学习环境和教学情景,有利于培养具备较强综合实践能力和人文精神的社区护理人才。     

广州亚运会期间鼎湖山站大气污染特征

为了解广州亚运会期间华南区域大气质量状况以及气象条件对区域本底浓度值的影响,2010年11月对鼎湖山站主要污染物NO_x,SO₂,O₃,PM₁₀和PM_2.5进行了连续在线观测。利用MICAPS,NCEP FNL资料及后向轨迹模拟对观测时段大气污染物变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:观测时期鼎湖山区域NO₂,SO₂和O₃平均体积分数分别为 (7.2±3.1)×10-9,(8.5±3.8)×10-9和 (28.7±9.8)×10-9。PM₁₀和PM_2.5的月平均质量浓度分别达到113 μg·m-3和81 μg·m-3,PM_2.5超标日数达13 d (标准为世界卫生组织第1阶段值,日平均值为75 μg·m-3)。不同时段日变化分析表明,广州亚运会期间高值时段 (定义为PM_2.5质量浓度超过世界卫生组织的IT.1标准的时段) NO_x和O₃平均体积分数为13.2×10-9和20.9×10-9,较2009年同期分别下降了41.3%和10.7%。不利气象要素影响和污染物区域传输作用是形成珠江三角洲区域大气本底 (鼎湖山地区) 细粒子污染偏高的主要原因。     

南极冰层取心钻探钻井液对雪层影响的模拟研究

深冰层取心钻探是极地科学考察的重要组成部分。在极地勘探取样过程中做到在获得高质量冰岩心样品的同时,将钻井液对极地环境的污染降低到最低程度,对保护极地原生环境具有重要意义。依据南极科学钻探的地层条件,应用Visual Modflow建立了污染物在雪层中的运移模型,在污染物浓度保持恒定时,对钻孔内污染物进行了数值模拟,预测了10年后污染物在雪中污染羽扩散范围。在此基础上,对比分析了不同弥散系数时,雪对污染物弥散的能力。极地科学钻探使用的钻井液粘度通常是水的10倍,随着污染物粘度的增大,其扩散的距离也将相应减少。研究结果为深入开展极地冰层取心钻探钻井液对极地环境影响评价研究奠定了重要的理论与技术基础。     

Using synoptic classification and trajectory analysis to assess air quality during the winter heating period in Ürümqi,China

Synoptic patterns identified by an automated procedure employing principal- component analysis and a two-stage cluster analysis, and backward trajectory analysis clustered by the HYSPLIT4.9 model were used to examine air quality patterns over¨ Uru¨mqi, China, one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world. Six synoptic patterns representing different atmospheric circulation patterns and air-mass characteristics were classified during the winter heating periods from 2001 to 2008, and seven trajectory clusters representing different paths of air masses arriving at ürümqi were calculated during the winter heating periods from 2005 to 2008. Then air quality was evaluated using these two approaches, and significant variations were found across both synoptic patterns and trajectory clusters. The heaviest air-pollution episodes occurred when ürümqi was either in an extremely cold, strong anticyclone or at the front of a migrating cyclone. Both conditions were characterized by with light winds, cold, wet surface air, and relatively dry upper air. ürümqi was predominately influenced by air masses from the southwest and from local areas. Air pollution index (API) levels were highest for air masses originating from the southwest with a longer path or for the local area, because of transport from semi-desert/desert regions by strong winds and because of local heavy pollution emissions, respectively. The interactions between these two analytical approaches showed that poor diffusion conditions, together with local circulation, enhanced air pollution, besides, regional air-mass transport caused by strong winds contributed to serious air quality under relatively good diffusion conditions.