1986年冬季热带西太平洋区域性大气总能量收支

本文采用中美海-气合作考察第一次航程(1986.1.9—15,2.1—14)和若干站点的海洋气象资料,计算了热带西太平洋不同区域的大气湿静力能量的水平输送和局地变化、大气非绝热加热诸分量以及各区域海面与大气的热交换项。分析指出,在考察期间热带西太平洋上空,西部区是大气能量水平输送的能汇区,而东、中部区则反之。同时,热带西太平洋上空大气和海洋下垫面是个热源区,尤以西部区最为明显。由此可知,热带西太平洋大气能量收支具有明显的区域性差异,其西部区是较强的大气和海洋下垫面的热源区域,是热量、能量积存最多的地区。     

Transport of Water Vapor over North China during the Drought Period in Summer of 1980

The features of water vapor transport, such as temporal evolution, vertical structure and spatial pattern, over North China during the prolonged drought in the summer of 1980 have been analyzed through computation of water vapor flux based on the once daily ECMWF grid-point data at 12GMT. The results indicate that it is unlikely that the characteristics of the atmospheric mass divergence, ascending motion and stratification stability in North China were completely opposite to those in the Yangtze River Valley, where the heavy flood occurred in the summer of 1980. It is major differences that the strong ascending motion and significant water vapor convergence overlap fairly well each other in the vertical levels in the Yangtze River Valley, while the maximum ascending motion is accompanied by water vapor divergence or weak water vapor convergence in North China. This vertical structure in North China results in insufficient water vapor supply and, therefore, little condensation and precipitation in the m     

热带西太平洋大气非绝热加热的初步分析——中美西太平洋海-气合作考察观测事实之四

本文利用1986年2月8—14日中美海-气考察船上的气象资料以及其它海洋气象站的报告,计算了热带西太平洋大气加热的诸分量,如辐射加热项、凝结加热项,感热加热项等。最后诊断出冬季考察时期该区域的大气加热场是个热源,其大气总加热强度为0.57℃/天。     

1983年长江流域的异常大雨与海洋异常

1983年春末至夏初,我国长江流域出现全流域型的反常多雨天气,为近60年中少见的四个特大洪水年之一,这次大范围长时期异常多雨的发生,与西北太平洋副热带高压的反常变化直接相关,而副高的反常变化,系与1982—1983年热带东太平洋海温的异常增暖和埃尔尼诺的出现,以及南方涛动,海上云量和海温距平分布的异常变化等相互关联,文中还揭示了一种存在于东、西太平洋(热带与副热带)及我国反常天气间的连锁关系,并发现在长江流域反常的大雨及明显的埃尔尼诺出现之前,约数月至半年左右,西北太平洋副热带高压,先有剧大的变化发生。     

SHORT-TERM CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS CAUSE AND CLIMATE PREDICTION IN CHINA

ＳＨＯＲＴ－ＴＥＲＭＣＬＩＭＡＴＥＣＨＡＮＧＥＡＮＤＩＴＳＣＡＵＳＥＡＮＤＣＬＩＭＡＴＥＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＷｅｉＦｅｎｇｙｉｎｇ（魏凤英）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｙｎｏｐｔｉｃａｎｄＤｙｎａｍｉｃＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｙ．）Ｂｅｉｊ...     

ABNORMALLY HEAVY RAINFALL IN THE CHANGJIANG VALLEY AND ITS CORRELATION WITH EXTRAORDINARY OCEANIC FEATURES IN 1983

The abnormally heavy precipitation occurred in the Changjiang Valley, 1983 as one of the four serious flooded events in the past sixty years was directly associated with the abnormal changes of the subtropical high of the NW Pacific. Meanwhile the abnormal changes of the S. H. were correlated with the abnormally warming of SST of the tropical East Pacific and the appearance of El nino in 1982-1983, which had attained the highest intensity in this century and were reasonably correlated with the unusual variations of Southern Oscillation, SST anomalies of the Pacific Ocean, and the anomalies of the cloudness over these areas. This has once again confirmed that there exists a teleconnection between several parts of Pacific Ocean and the atmospheric circulation. A chain reaction between the abnormal weather in China and the East and the West Pacific (the tropical and the subtropical Pacific) is revealed, which may give some information for the long-range weather forecasting.     

向外长波辐射与我国华北地区旱涝关系的初步研究

本文采用1974—1986年的向外长波辐射（OLR）和华北地区降水资料，对该地区旱、涝年的OLR场的时空分布特征进行了研究。分析指出，旱年与涝年的前冬和夏季在OLR距平场上呈相反的配置。同时发现，赤道中太平洋和海洋陆地上的OLR变化会影响华北旱涝的分布趋势，另外，谱分析计算结果指出，当存在准二年周期时，华北地区降水和赤道中太平洋地区的OLR之间有较高的凝聚值，呈正位相振荡。而且后者变化较前者超前大约法10个月。     

区域性暴雨与海洋加热场的关系

西太平洋副热带高压是影响我国夏半年东部降水的主要角色之一,尤其是长江中下游梅雨期内的大范围暴雨和副高的活动就更为密切。众所周知,大气运动受到下垫面的影响,特别是下垫面的加热效应对大尺度天气运动的影响更为重要。海洋作为大气的“贮热机”来讲,它的加热场状况必然对副高活动产生巨大的影响,从而又影响梅雨期暴雨的形成和发展。这里仅对1969年长江中下游梅雨期一场区域性暴雨(7月11～12日,其暴雨区主要是沿着长江中下游的干流区和江北部分地区)成因进行分析。这场暴雨过程与西太平洋副热带高压明显西伸配合