源内致密砂岩优质储层特征及控制因素分析:以川西坳陷须五段为例

川西坳陷的油气勘探已经从源储分离的常规油气勘探逐渐转变为源储一体的常规与非常规油气协同勘探,其中致密储层发育特征及成藏特点成为目前亟须解决的关键科学问题之一。运用石油地质学与沉积岩石学原理及分析方法,对川西坳陷须五段储层发育特征及控制因素进行研究,研究结果显示,须五段砂岩储层的孔隙度为1.371%~8%,小于10%,渗透率为(0.005~0.701)×10^-3 μm ²,小于1×10^-3 μm ²,属致密储层范畴。基于砂岩粒度大小结合储层物性以及含气性分析,须五段识别出三类优质储层,即粗砂、中砂和细砂。研究区粗砂较少发育,厚度较大的中砂和细砂在上亚段、中亚段和下亚段的三角洲前缘亚相较发育,储集空间发育微孔隙、少量微裂缝。粒度中值控制致密砂岩优质储层的发育类型、沉积相带与层序控制优质储层的发育位置,成岩作用控制优质储层的形成。     

分离自中国胶州湾的褐色马格里夫藻(Margalefidinium fulvescens)的形态学和系统进化特征

The dinoflagellate genus Margalefidinium has been split from Cochlodinium as a new genus recently and Margalefidinium fulvescens is one of the five Margalefidinium species. Margalefidinium fulvescens is toxic and has been reported from the coastal waters of USA, Canada, Mexico, China, Japan, Indonesia, Korea, Pakistan and Spain. Here we provide the morphological and phylogenetic characterization for an isolate of it from the Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. Our results showed that the vegetative cells were subspherical to ellipsoidal, 34–60 μm in length, and 19–41 μm in width. Both single cell forms and colonies in chains of 2, 4, or 8 cells were observed in cultures, but chain forms with 2 or 4 cells were observed more often in the field samples. The cingulum was rather deep, encircling the cell approximately twice, but the sulcus was rather narrow, surrounding the cell about one turn. The nucleus was spherical and located at the central epicone. The chloroplasts were granular, brownish, and scattered peripherally. An orange pigmented body also appeared in the epicone. The apical groove appeared vase-like as previously described. Under epi-fluorescence microscopy, a pumpkin-like structure was clearly observed, in which cells were embedded. Cells were observed to exit from the structure, which led us to a hypothesis that the structure may provide cells a shelter to avoid predation or to respond to other stresses. The phylogenetic analyses based on partial LSU rDNA sequences indicated that M. fulvescens from the Jiaozhou Bay was grouped with M. fulvescens populations from other origins and closely related to the clade of M. polykrikoides.Our morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses together confirmed the presence of M. fulvescens in China and our monitoring has also observed the species dominant in the dinoflagellate community of the Jiaozhou Bay in the early autumn of 2015, which alerted us to continually monitor this bloom-forming species in the region.     

新疆西准噶尔哈图岩体地球化学特征及其地质意义

哈图岩体侵位于西准噶尔南部早-中泥盆世海相火山-沉积地层中,主要岩性为二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩及少量碱长花岗岩,是研究西准噶尔晚石炭世构造环境的理想对象。哈图岩体花岗岩中SiO2含量(质量分数,下同)为72.06%~76.53%,全碱(Na2O+K2O)为7.80%~8.57%,CaO为0.20%~1.58%,MgO为0.07%~0.42%,明显具有高Si、富碱、贫Ca、低Mg的特征;这些花岗岩的Al2O3含量为12.55%~14.06%,A/CNK值为1.06~1.15,A/NK值为1.15~1.36,显示其为弱过铝质-强过铝质花岗岩。此外,哈图岩体具有较低的稀土元素总含量((88.14~139.53)×10-6)和高的轻、重稀土元素比值((La/Yb)N值为3.04~6.50),在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式中显示为典型的右倾"V"字形且具有强烈的负Eu异常,表明源区可能有斜长石残留或出现斜长石的分离结晶作用;在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图中,这些花岗岩明显富集Rb、Th、U、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素,相对富集Zr、Hf,强烈亏损Sr、Ti、P,相对亏损Ba、Nb。以上特征及主量、微量元素特征和图解表明,哈图岩体为典型的弱过铝质-强过铝质A2型花岗岩,其形成于造山后伸展阶段,是由洋壳和岛弧组成的新生地壳受上涌的幔源物质加热,在浅部低压条件下发生部分熔融,再经分离结晶作用的产物。     

对海洋仪器设备规范化海上试验的认识与思考

规范化海上试验是863计划海洋技术领域针对仪器设备研发项目管理的一项创新举措,近年来,通过推行规范化海上试验,海洋技术领域构建并完善了仪器设备研发与技术评价体系,提高了海上试验整体效率,降低了海试风险和成本,大大加快了仪器设备的实用化进程。介绍了863计划海洋技术领域推行规范化海上试验的基本概念、需求背景,详细阐述了规范化海上试验主要程序做法,重点论述了规范化海上试验对于海洋仪器设备研发的重要意义、取得进展和成果,对今后的发展进行了思考并提出了具体建议。