CHARACTERISTICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHANGJIANG DELTA AND ITS POSSIBLE MECHANISM

Characteristics of climate change in the Changjiang Delta were analyzed based on the annualmean meteorological data since 1961,including air temperature,maximum and minimum airtemperature,precipitation,sunshine duration and visibility at 48 stations in that area(southernJiangsu and northern Zhejiang),and its adjacent areas(northern Jiangsu,eastern Anhui andsouthern Zhejiang),together with the environmental data.The results indicate that it is gettingwarmer in the Changjiang Delta and cooler in adjacent areas,thus the Changjiang Delta becomes a bigheat island,containing many little heat islands consisting of central cities,in which Shanghai City isthe strongest heat island.The intensity of heat islands enhances as economic development goes up.From the year 1978.the beginning year of reform and opening policy,to the year 1997,the intensityof big heat island of Changjiang Delta has increased 0.5℃ and Shanghai heat island increased 0.8℃.However.since 1978 the constituents of SO_2,NO_x and TSP(total suspended particles)in theatmosphere,no matter whether in the Changjiang Delta or in the adjacent areas,have all increased,but pH values of precipitation decreased.In the meantime,both sunshine duration and visibility arealso decreased,indicating that there exists a mechanism for climate cooling in these areas.Ouranalyses show that the mechanism for climate warming in the Changjiang Delta may be associatedwith heating increase caused by,economic development and increasing energy consumption.It isestimated that up to 1997 the intensity of warming caused by this mechanism in the Changjiang Deltahas reached 0.8—0.9℃,about 4—4.5 times as large as the mean values before 1978.Since then,the increase rate has become 0. 035℃/a for the Changjiang Delta.It has reached 1.3℃ for Shanghaiin 1997,about 12—13 times as large as the mean values before 1978.This is a rough estimation ofincreasing energy consumption rate caused by economic development.     

中尺度对流系统红外云图云顶黑体温度的分析

采用ＧＭＳ卫星红外云图的云顶黑体温度（ＴＢＢ）等值线分析方法，对１９９２年８月初在中国３个地区，不同环流背景下发生的中尺度对流系统（ＭＣＳ），即西南低涡内、西太平洋副热带高压的西北边缘和副高内部的ＭＣＳ进行了分析。结果表明，ＴＢＢ等值线分析方法能较细致地揭示ＭＣＳ的形成过程。冷云盖周围ＴＢＢ等值线疏密所反映的云顶温度梯度，对ＭＣＳ的发展有很好的指示意义。文中还给出了一个在消散阶段出现涡旋状结构的ＭＣＳ。这种涡旋结构不同与北美发现的中层中尺度气旋，它可能是凝结加热所产生的对流层高层的高压反气旋环流的反映。     

微机自动填图系统

一、前言 利用微型计算机来代替大型计算机完成气象填图业务,对于中小气象台站有着重要的意义。 在选用微计算机类型时,既要满足指标要求,力求经济,又要能够与国产外部设备配套。在进行广泛的调研之后,我们选择了美国英特(INTEL)     

人机交互的短时预报流程

在微机上采用部分人机对话的方式,实现综合分析,包括物理量诊断、雷达回波、卫星云图、UHF风廓线、闪电和水汽遥感资料并提出预报意见。为提高京津冀地区汛期强天气的预报准确率和预报自动化服务。     

现代青藏高原气候变化的几个特征

收集了1951~1998年青藏高原及其邻近地区217个地面测站的逐月气温, 最高、最低气温以及降水等要素的观测值, 探讨现代青藏高原的气候变化特征. 结果表明: (1) 青藏高原自20世纪50年代变冷至60年代, 之后又开始变暖直至90年代. 始于1935年的拉萨资料表明此站以40年代气温为最暖, 之后变冷到60年代, 60年代以后又开始增暖直到90年代, 拉萨90年代仍未达到40年代暖期气温. (2) 20世纪60年代以来青藏高原东侧和东南侧在3000 m以下存在一个变冷带, 85°~95°E间自南到北存在一个强变暖带. 变冷带和变暖带之间十分不连续, 存在着正、负交替的变化, 因而增暖不是随高度呈线性增加的. (3) 20世纪60年代以来, 高原自西南向东北以及3000 m以下东南地区存在一个降水减少带, 高原中心地区及3000 m以上西部为变暖而降水减少, 北部及南部为变暖而降水增加, 3000 m以下东南地区为变冷而降水减少.