利用DEM进行黄河中游河网提取及河网密度空间差异分析

在考虑土壤特性对降雨入渗及地面坡度对土壤侵蚀影响的基础上,利用SRTM的DEM数据和世界土壤数据库,提出基于入渗系数和坡度因子确定汇流面积阈值的方法,并利用所生成的河网计算黄河中游的河网密度,揭示黄河中游河网密度空间分布特征。     

游荡性河流演变规律研究进展及其河型归属探讨

游荡性河道在中国广泛分布,其中以黄河下游上段最为典型,但关于游荡性河型的归属问题尚存在很大争议,国际上多将游荡性河流归属为辫状河型。本文以黄河下游游荡性河道为典型案例,系统总结了游荡性河流的演变特征、主要影响因素和形成机理,并从定义、成因、特征及河道形成过程方面,将游荡与辫状河型的异同点进行对比分析。得到以下启示：游荡性河型是一种重要的河道型态,与辫状河型在许多方面存在较明显差异。特别是游荡河型主要发育于能量小于输沙需求的环境,因而形态呈现不稳定特性,但辫状河型不仅出现在能量较多的环境,而且也常在能量较小的环境中出现,因而一部分具有稳定形态,另一部分则表现出不稳定的特性,因此,有必要对游荡性河道和辫状河道给予区分。最后对未来研究进行了展望,提出应重视河型形成的内在机理,对能量理论进行发展及深化,进一步系统性评价游荡性河道与辫状河道的异同性,以解决游荡性河道的河型归属问题。     

辽宁阜新盆地下白垩统沙海组沉积环境与聚煤规律

阜新盆地下白垩统沙海组沉积环境和聚煤规律研究较为薄弱.在野外观察的基础上,结合岩心观察与描述、连井剖面分析以及测井曲线分析等手段,对阜新盆地沙海组沉积环境和聚煤规律进行分析.结果表明:阜新盆地沙海组主要可识别出冲积扇一扇三角洲沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系;沙海组可分为3个三级层序,每个层序又可进一步分为湖侵体系域和高位体系域...     

我国三稀(稀有稀土稀散)矿产资源调查研究成果综述

三稀资源是稀土、稀有和稀散资源的统称,是新一代尖端武器、信息技术、节能环保、医药和医疗设备、高端装备制造、新材料、新能源汽车等所需要的功能材料、结构材料和关键性原料。在国土资源部和中国地质调查局的统一领导和部署下,中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自2011年组织全国33个单位220余人开展了我国三稀金属资源战略调查工作。在五年时间里,初步建立了全国三稀调查研究的专业队伍,研究分析了国内外三稀资源的分布、产出特征及其开发现状、选冶技术与市场供需状况,编制了稀土矿产地、价格等多项数据库(涵盖全球);在稀土矿山开采和建设用地压覆资源调查等多方面为矿政管理提供了技术支撑和专业服务;在南方离子吸附型稀土开发监管和储量动态估算等技术方面取得了重要进展;在四川甲基卡、福建永定大坪等多个地区取得了重要找矿突破;在三稀成矿规律和赋存状态研究尤其是离子吸附型稀土成矿规律和勘查技术等方面取得了重要的理论创新和方法创新。该项工作提升了我国三稀矿产资源的理论、技术研究水平,为通过矿产地质供给侧调查研究引导我国新兴产业的发展提供了示范。     

黄河内蒙河段河床冲淤演变特征及原因

利用黄河内蒙段1962-2000年间4期大断面观测资料,计算了各期河床冲淤和河槽形态指标。发现从1962-2000年间前20年、中间9年及后9年,内蒙河段河槽500m²过水面积下河底高程发生了降低-升高-再升高的过程;河槽漫滩过水面积经历了升高-降低-再降低的过程,2000年只有1982年的大约一半;滩地经历了持续淤积过程,平均抬升0.25m;河槽宽深比值经历了变化不显著-增加-减小的过程。分析结果表明:气候变化、引水、水库拦沙和重点产沙支流来沙变化在河床冲淤和河床形态调整中作用较大;水库对径流的年内调节对1982年后河槽淤积贡献较大;来水来沙变化下河流多要素自动调整是造成河槽形态变化过程复杂的原因。     

长江上游社会经济因子对侵蚀产沙的影响

In recent years,the role of human activities in changing sediment yield has become more apparent for the construction of hydraulic engineering and water conservation projec-tions in the Upper Yangtze River,but it has not been evaluated at the macro scale.Taking Sichuan Province and Chongqing City as an example,this paper studies the relationship between socio-economic factors and sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River based on section data in 1989 and 2007.The results show that sediment yield is significantly correlated with population density and cultivated area,in which the former appears to be more closely related to sediment yield.Moreover,in the relation of sediment yield vs.population density,a critical value of population density exists,below which the sediment yield increases with the increase of population density and over which the sediment yield increases with the decrease of population density.The phenomenon essentially reflects the influence of natural factors,such as topography,precipitation and soil property,and some human activities on sediment yield.The region with a higher population density than critical value is located in the east of the study area and is characterized by plains,hills and low mountains,whereas the opposite is located in the west and characterized by middle and high mountains.In the eastern region,more people live on the lands with a low slope where regional soil erosion is slight;therefore,sediment yield is negatively related with population density.In contrast,in the western region,the population tends to aggregate in the areas with abundant soil and water resources which usually lead to a higher intensity of natural erosion,and in turn,high-intensity agricultural practices in these areas may further strengthen local soil erosion.It is also found that popu-lation tends to move from the areas with bad environment and high sediment yield to the areas with more comfortable environment and less sediment yield.The natural factors have greater influence on sediment yield of western region than that of eastern region.Generally,the natural factors play a dominant role on sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River.