“三江”北段沱沱河地区的成矿规律与找矿方向

"三江"成矿带的北段沱沱河地区是中国首批整装勘查区之一,区域成矿规律和找矿方向亟待了解。研究表明,区内主要发育3期成矿事件,形成5种主要矿床类型。早期成矿发生在晚二叠世至早三叠世,为龙木错-双湖洋向北俯冲下的弧间或弧后盆地环境,形成开心岭火山岩容矿块状Fe(-Cu-Zn)矿床(VMS型);第二期成矿作用发生于新生代40~25 Ma期间,对应印-亚大陆晚碰撞环境,形成那日尼亚与钾质火山岩岩浆活动有关的脉状PbZn矿床、扎日根玢岩型铁矿床及扎拉夏格涌与碱性斑岩有关的热液脉状Pb-Zn矿床;第三期矿化出现在新生代23Ma以来,对应印-亚大陆后碰撞环境,形成以茶曲帕查为代表的密西西比河谷型(MVT)Pb-Zn矿床。综合分析表明,区内应优先寻找MVT型矿床,在区域逆冲带的前锋带中,老于新生代的碳酸盐岩内、碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩地层界面附近是找矿的主要方向;晚二叠世至早三叠世及晚三叠世地层中双峰式火山岩建造是寻找VMS矿床的有利部位;新生代闪长玢岩分布区的正磁异常、Cu化探异常、发育绿帘石和绿泥石化的地区有利于寻找玢岩型铁矿床;而热液脉状Pb-Zn矿床的成矿潜力有限。     

黄渤海带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)渔业生物学参考点估计研究

It is important to find a reliable method to estimate maximum sustainable yield(MSY) or total allowable catch(TAC) for fishery management, especially when the data availability is limited which is a case in China. A recently developed method(CMSY) is a data-poor method, which requires only catch data, resilience and exploitation history at the first and final years of the catch data. CMSY was used in this study to estimate the biological reference points for Largehead hairtail(Trichiurus lepturus, Temminck and Schlegel) in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, based on the fishery data from China Fishery Statistical Year Books during 1986 to 2012. Additionally,Bayesian state-space Schaefer surplus production model(BSM) and the classical surplus production models(Schaefer and Fox) performed by software CEDA and ASPIC, were also projected in this study to compare with the performance of CMSY. The estimated MSYs from all models are about 19.7×104–27.0×104 t, while CMSY and BSM yielded more reasonable population parameter estimates(the intrinsic population growth rate and the carrying capacity). The biological reference points of B/BMSY smaller than 1.0, while F/FMSY higher than 1.0 revealed an over-exploitation of the fishery, indicating that more conservative management strategies are required for Largehead hairtail fishery.     

临沂市海绵城市建设中雨水回收系统设计:以东风东关片区改造为例

以山东省临沂市东风东关片区改造为例,将海绵城市建设要求融入到园林景观建设中。通过对临沂当地降雨量的分析,制定区域降雨控制管理目标,采取了屋顶绿化、透水铺装、下凹式绿地、植草沟、渗井渗管、车库顶板处理、雨水回收利用系统和植物绿化等措施。雨水回收利用系统工程完成后,通过夏季的几场大到暴雨的检验,实现降雨后片区道路雨水下渗明显、无积水,基本达到规划设计的目标要求,该方法将有助于海绵城市在临沂市的推广应用。     

Effects of varying densities on serum reproductive parameters in pen-reared juvenile female rainbow trout <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis> farms

The primary goal of this study was to assess the effect of varying densities on serum reproductive parameters of immature rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Experimental trout were maintained in intensive, pen-reared farms for 300 days in fresh water reservoirs. Initial densities were 4.6, 6.6, and 8.6 kg/m³ (40, 60, 80 ind./m³), indicated as SD1, SD2, SD3, and final densities were 31.1, 40.6, 49.3 kg/m³, respectively. A summary of the ovarian stages were observed by histological examination. Serum E₂ (estradiol), T (testosterone) were evaluated by radioimmunoassay and FSH (follicle-stimulating-hormone), LH (luteinizing-hormone), vitellogenin, 17α,20β-P (17α,20βdihydroxy4-pregnen-3-one) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our findings demonstrated that ovarian development were retarded (from stage III to stage IV) at highest rearing density (SD3) after 180 days of intensive culture (over 40.6 kg/m³). In addition, we observed an inverse relationship between serum reproductive parameters and rearing density. Furthermore, compared to serum reproductive parameters of SD1, E₂, T, FSH, vitellogenin, 17α,20β-P, GSI and LH of two higher density groups decreased firstly and significantly at 60 (over 15.9 kg/m 3 ), 180 (over 31.7 kg/m 3 ), 180 (over 40.6 kg/m³), 240 (over 36 kg/m³), 240 (over 36 kg/m³), 240 (over 45 kg/m³) and 300 (over 49.3 kg/m³) days, respectively. Comparing serum reproductive parameters within the same ovarian development stage of rainbow trout from varying densities revealed that higher population density also led to significantly lower overall serum reproductive parameters. Overall, this study presents the reproductive, endocrinological parameters of juvenile female rainbow trout at high rearing densities and indicates the need for rainbow trout (114.44±5.21 g, 19.69±0.31 cm) that are initially stocked at 6.6 or 8.6 kg/m³ should be classified and subdivided into lower density after 180 days of farming (not over 31.7 kg/m³).     

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼体不同干露温度下死亡率的研究

通过设置15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃4个干露温度梯度,检测不同发育阶段三疣梭子蟹幼体的露空时间、死亡率、含水量、失水率及体重消耗率等指标,分析干露温度、发育阶段与幼体死亡率的关系。结果表明,各发育阶段的幼体死亡率均随干露时间的增加而升高(P<0.05);不同温度条件下,Ⅰ期幼蟹(CⅠ)的含水量、失水率和体重消耗率均高于Ⅱ期幼蟹(CⅡ)(P<0.05);CⅡ20℃时的露空时间最长,为11h,半致死时间为7—8h;30℃时最短,为2h;CⅠ15℃时的露空时间最短,为0.5h;20℃时最长,为4h。相同温度下,幼体各发育阶段的耐干露能力为CⅡ>CⅠ>ZⅣ>ZⅢ=M。结果说明,温度≤15℃不利于幼体的存活,温度≥25℃干露耐受性降低。因此,20℃更有利于幼体获得长存活时间。     

机器学习在人工增雨效果统计检验中的应用

利用福建省古田人工增雨试验基地2014年1月—2023年1月小时自然降水数据,结合线性拟合、多项式回归和样条回归等多种数学统计方法,开展决策树、支持向量机(SVM)和卷积神经网络(CNN)3种机器学习方法在估测目标区自然降水中的应用研究。目标区和对比区自然雨量关系模型对比结果表明:以区域平均面雨量为统计变量时,CNN和四项式回归效果相对较好,其中CNN的确定系数为0.516,均方根误差为1.097 mm;对平均面雨量进行六次方根变换后,各模型的精准度大幅提升,CNN表现最优,确定系数为0.658,其次为SVM;为克服目标区和对比区雨量时间序列效应及空间分布不均等问题,以面雨量空间格点数据作为研究对象,采用CNN 3种优化器(自适应矩估计、均方根传递和梯度随机下降)算法进行对比,发现基于自适应矩估计优化器建立目标区和对比区雨量关系模型最优,其降水估测值与实测值更接近,均方根误差最小,为0.61 mm。因此,利用CNN方法能够进一步优化目标区和对比区雨量关系模型,可为定量评估人工增雨效果提供参考。     

古溶洞控矿构造在青藏高原中部的发现及意义——以茶曲帕查铅锌矿床为例

青藏高原中部茶曲帕查矿区铅锌矿化与张性碳酸盐岩角砾伴生。钻孔资料揭示,该套角砾岩在平面上、垂向上分布无规律,露头表现为杂乱堆垛,角砾空隙间常充填泥质物,与泥质物接触部位发育同沉积变形,说明角砾为古溶洞内坍塌形成。茶曲帕查矿区古溶洞内含有坍塌灰岩角砾和泥质充填物,分别发育不同形式的铅锌矿化。溶洞的形成很可能与地下水对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀有关,坍塌发生在早中新世,与五道梁组沉积同时发生。古溶洞成矿作用在青藏高原中部的提出,对认识该区矿床成因、区域铅锌找矿模式等方面均具有重要意义。     

Stock discrimination of spottedtail goby (Synechogobius ommaturus) in the Yellow Sea by analysis of otolith shape

Otolith shape is species specific and is an ideal marker of fish population affiliation. In this study, otolith shape of spottedtail goby Synechogobius ommaturus is used to identify stocks in different spawning locations in the Yellow Sea. The main objectives of this study are to explore the potential existence of local stocks of spottedtail goby in the Yellow Sea by analysis of otolith shape, and to investigate ambient impacts on otolith shape. Spottedtail goby was sampled in five locations in the Yellow Sea in 2007 and 2008. Otoliths are described using variables correlated to size (otolith area, perimeter, length, width, and weight) and shape (rectangularity, circularity, and 20 Fourier harmonics). Only standardized otolith variables are used so that the effect of otolith size on the shape variables could be eliminated. There is no significant difference among variables of sex, year, and side (left and right). However, the otolith shapes of the spring stocks and the autumn stocks differ significantly. Otolith shape differences are greater among locations than between years. Correct classification rate of spottedtail goby with the otolith shape at different sampling locations range from 29.7%–77.4%.     

塞拉利昂近海渔获生物多样性特征的调查研究

根据塞拉利昂近海１６条生产船１年的生产日志资料（１９９５－０７～１９９６－０６）,记述了该海区出现的渔获名录,渔业资源的分布与数量特征。指出塞拉利昂海区以捕虾为主,鱼虾兼捕,渔获物具有相对较高的多样性。同时,提出了加强渔业生物多样性保护和渔业资源合理利用的建议。     

空白校正对元素分析仪测定海水中颗粒有机碳结果准确性的影响分析

颗粒有机碳（POC）在海洋生态系统乃至全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用，其准确获取至关重要。目前，元素分析仪测定POC是最准确和常用的分析方法，但取样忽略了水体溶解有机碳（DOC）可能带来的影响。针对空白样品如何获取才能有效去除DOC影响的问题，本文设计比较了5种取样方法对POC测定结果的影响，以及滤膜对数据的影响。结果显示，1）5种样品取样方法所得的结果差异显著，不进行空白校正会对结果产生较大误差；2）文献和本文设计的空白样取样方法均出现了空白值大于样品值的异常情况；3）样品继续抽人工海水100 mL即可有效洗去滤膜上吸附的DOC；4）未过滤的滤膜450℃灼烧5 h后可以有效去除滤膜上吸附的碳，但是存放时间越久滤膜从空气中吸附碳的概率越大。本研究确定的人工海水法可以有效去除DOC对测定结果的影响，样品测定结果重复性、精密度高，可准确用于海水POC样品的测定。