Embryonic and larval development in barfin flounder Verasper moseri (Jordan and Gilbert)

Broodstock of Verasper moseri (Jordan and Gilbert) aged 3–4 years old were selected, and reinforced cultivation was conducted to promote maturation under controlled water temperature and photoperiod conditions. Fertilized eggs were obtained by artificial fertilization, and the development of embryos, larvae and juveniles was observed continuously. The results showed that the fertilized eggs of V. moseri were spherical, with transparent yolk and homogeneous bioplasm, and had no oil globule inside. The average diameter of the eggs was 1.77±0.02 mm. The eggs of V. moseri were buoyant in water with salinity above 35. The cleavage type was typical discoidal. Young pigment cells appeared when olfactory plates began to form. Hatching occurred at 187 h after fertilization at a water temperature of 8.5°C. The newly hatched larvae, floating on the water surface, were transparent with an average total length of 4.69±0.15 mm. During the cultivation period, when the water temperature was raised from 9 to 14.5°C, 4-day old larvae showed more melanophores on the body surface, making the larvae gray in color. The pectoral fins began to develop, which enabled the larvae to swim horizontally and in a lively manner. On days 7–8, the digestive duct formed. The yolk sac was small and black. The yolk sac was absorbed on day 11. Larvae took food actively, and body length and body height clearly increased. The rudiments of dorsal and anal fin pterygiophores were discernible and caudal fin ray elements formed on day 19. On day 24, the larval notochord flexed upwards, and the rays of unpaired fins began to differentiate. Pigment cells converged on the dorsal and anal fin rays, and the mastoid teeth on the mandible appeared. On day 29, the left eyes of juveniles began to move upwards. Depigmentation began in some juveniles and they became sandy brown in color on day 37. Most juveniles began to settle on the bottom of the tank. The left eyes of juveniles migrated completely to the right side on day 50, when the average body length attained 2.5±0.18 cm, and juveniles accomplished metamorphosis to young. The embryonic and larval characters of several flounder species are compared.     

Effects of temperature, algae biomass and ambient nutrient on the absorption of dissolved nitrogen and phosphate by Rhodophyte Gracilaria asiatica

Gracilaria asiatica,being highly efficient in nutrient absorption,is cultivated in sea cucumber ponds to remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphate.It was cultured in a laboratory simulating field conditions,and its nutrient absorption was measured to evaluate effects of environmental conditions.Ammonia nitrogen(AN),nitrate nitrogen(NN),total inorganic nitrogen(TIN),and soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) uptake rate and removal efficiency were determined in a 4×2 factorial design experiment in water temperatures(T) at 15℃ and 25℃,algae biomass(AB) at 0.5 g/L and 1.0 g/L,total inorganic nitrogen(TIN) at 30 μmol/L and 60 μmol/L,and soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) at 3 and 6 μmol/L.AB and ambient TIN or SRP levels significantly affected uptake rate and removal efficiency of AN,NN,TIN,and SRP(P<0.001).G.asiatica in AB of 0.5 g/L showed higher uptake rate and lower removal efficiency relative to that with AB of 1.0 g/L.Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake rate rose with increasing ambient nutrient concentrations;nutrient removal efficiency decreased at higher environmental nutrient concentrations.The algae preferred to absorb AN to NN.Uptake rates of AN,NN,and SRP were significantly affected by temperature(P<0.001);uptake rate was higher for the 25℃ group than for the 15℃ group at the initial experiment stage.Only the removal efficiency of AN and SRP showed a significant difference between the two temperature groups(P<0.01).The four factors had significant interactive effects on absorption of N and P,implying that G.asiatica has great bioremedial potential in sea cucumber culture ponds.     

导水系数和水井损失系数的测定：利用多落程抽水试验法

由单井的多落程抽水试验资料，所建立的方程Ｓｎ／Ｑｎ＝Ａｎ＋ＣＱｎ，可用线性回归法求得该方程中的常数值。公式Ｔ＝〔２．３ｌｇ（ｔｎ／ｔｎ－ｉ）〕〔４π（Ａｎ－Ａｎ－１）〕＾－１可利用不同时间的Ａｎ值，在允许水跃值的情况下，以求抽水井附近含水层的导水系数，进而还可求得给水度。     

部颁《农用机井技术规范》出版

由水电部农水司组织经有关部门审查的《农用机井技术规范》,现正式被定为部标,编号SD188—86,并自一九八七年元月一日起施行。《规范》共分为总则、井灌区规划、机井设计、机井施工、机     

湖南郴州玛瑙山铁锰多金属矿成矿规律及找矿

玛瑙山铁锰多金属矿呈似层状、透镜状、脉状产于岩体外接触带玛瑙山背斜虚脱部位、层间破碎带、次级断裂构造花岗斑岩脉两侧边缘或附近。成矿作用具有多期、多阶段性。研究结果表明,矿床成因类型应属与岩浆活动有关的中-低温热液型铁锰多金属矿床。运用玛瑙山铁锰多金属矿的成矿模式,在玛瑙山铁锰多金属矿深、边部及外围枫树下、天字号一带,可能找到同类型的铁锰多金属矿床。     

Hadoop在气象数据密集型处理领域中的应用

气象资料的统计分析计算属于数据密集型计算,目前的处理方式多为单机处理,对大量数据的处理比较慢,难以应对日益增长的数据,对气象资料的研究形成一定的制约。针对数据密集型气象数据的处理,尝试应用Hadoop的MapReduce思想提高计算效率;对Hadoop在处理大量小文件组成的气象数据时的低效率,提出对原始文件进行预处理,将多个小文件整合成能直接用于计算的大文件。试验证明,该方法解决了Hadoop处理大量小文件时的低效率问题,通过与Oracle入库检索的比较,应用Hadoop处理数据密集型气象资料具有实际意义。     

基于MARS的模式数据精细化服务平台设计

针对传统模式数据服务的缺陷和弊端,按照互联网+思维,研究模式数据的分类和特点,深入分析各模式数据的类型、层次、时间、时次、数据中心、要素、时次、时效、区域、分辨率之间的关联,设计数据配置以及数据配置项与MARS命令脚本的转换算法。从易用性角度进行了流程设计、数据库设计、功能设计、页面设计,根据用户使用行为设计一个基于B/S的数据服务平台,实现了用户按需进行精细化获取数据的系统,降低了数据服务人员的工作强度,提高了业务用户和科研用户的工作效率。     

温度和体质量对仿刺参消化道排空时间和排便量的影响

实验测定了不同体质量的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka))在不同温度条件下, 消化道的排空时间、排便量和排便率。按仿刺参体质量大小分设10 g ± 0.5 g、40 g ± 2.0 g 和70 g ± 3.5 g 三个体质量组, 以及6、9、12、15、18、21 ℃共6 个温度梯度。结果表明, 各体质量组仿刺参的排空时间均随温度的升高, 具有先增大后减小的趋势, 10 g ± 0.5 g 和40 g ± 2.0 g 组分别在12 和15 ℃时排空时间最长, 且在9～15℃时差异不显著(P＞0.05), 但显著大于其他温度组(P＜0.05), 70 g ± 3.5 g 组仿刺参在12 ℃时的排空时间达各组最大值36.4 h。在6、18 和21 ℃温度条件下, 仿刺参的排空时间随体质量的增大总体呈增长趋势, 各温度组仿刺参的排便量均随体质量的增大而增加。仿刺参的个体排便率随体质量的增加而增大, 而单位体质量排便率多数随体质量增大而减小。10 g ± 0.5 g 和40 g ± 2.0 g 组的排便率均在6 ℃时最高, 70 g ± 3.5 g 组在9 ℃时达最高, 然后降低。温度和体质量对仿刺参排空时间和排便量均有极显著的影响(P＜0.01), 二者的交互作用对排空时间的影响也是极为显著的(P＜0.01),但对排便量的影响不显著(P＞0.05)。     

控制水循环的地下水库

无论在什么时候.地球上的淡水大约都有三分之二是蓄存于地下水库中。因有这样的水库存在,便可从这些水库中提取大量的水,而一旦水量充裕时,水库又可被重新充满。 关于地球的水循环,一般的看法是海洋里的水受太阳能的作用而蒸发,经气象的作用通过大气将蒸发的水分别运送到各处,其中一部分又以雨和雪的形式降到地球上,最终通过大小河流仍归于海洋中。这样的观念忽略了在不同时期(由数周至数千年)大量蓄存在地下水库中的水。此外,还很少有人,包括从事计划分配水源的人员,     

Embryonic and larval development in barfin flounder Verasper moseri (Jordan and Gilbert)

Broodstock of Verasper moseri (Jordan and Gilbert) aged 3-4 years old were selected,and reinforced cultivation was conducted to promote maturation under controlled water temperature and photoperiod conditions.Fertilized eggs were obtained by artificial fertilization,and the development of embryos,larvae and juveniles was observed continuously.The results showed that the fertilized eggs of V.moseri were spherical,with transparent yolk and homogeneous bioplasm,and had no oil globule inside.The average diamete...