贵州煤中汞的分布,赋存状态及对环境的影响

对贵州省六枝、水城、盘县和贵阳等４大煤田煤中汞的研究表明：煤中汞的平均含量为０．５５２μｇ／ｇ;煤中汞主要赋存于黄铁矿中,硅酸盐矿物相中汞的分布量很少;贵州燃煤引起的汞污染问题非常严重。     

酸沉降区域碱性湖泊中汞的生物地球化学循环演化研究意义

大量研究表明，酸沉降引起酸化敏感性湖泊湖水的酸化,会影响湖泊系统汞的赋存状态和相互转化。但是,对于酸沉降同时引起的湖泊SO4^2的增加是否会影响湖泊汞的赋存状态和相互转化尚存在分歧。而对于非酸化敏感湖泊,受酸沉降影响湖水仍然呈现碱性的湖泊结果如何还不清楚。据此,本文综述了湖泊体系中汞的生物地球化学循环演化规律,并总结近年来的研究成果,结合我国西南地区湖泊所处的特殊地质环境及其污染和研究现状，指出对酸沉降区域碱性湖泊中汞的生物地球化学演化规律进行研究的必要性和重大意义。     

Exchange flux of total gaseous mercury between air and natural water surfaces in summer season

The exchanges of mercury between surface and air are of significance in the biogeochemical cycling of Hg in the environment, but there are still few reliable data on air/surface exchange in aquatic systems. Field measurement campaigns over seawater surface at Kristineberg Marine Research Station (KMRS) and over Hovg?rds?n River surface at Knobesholm in southwestern Sweden were conducted to measure mercury flux using a dynamic flux chamber technique coupled with automatic mercury vapor-phase analyzers. Both sites show net emissions during summer time. Mercury fluxes measured over both river and seawater surfaces exhibit a consistently diurnal pattern with maximum fluxes during the daytime period and minimum fluxes during the nighttime period. At freshwater site, mercury flux is strongly correlated with the intensity of net solar radiation, and negatively correlated with relative humidity. A typical exponential relationship between mercury flux and water temperature was observed at freshwater measurement site. At seawater site, a strong correlation between mercury flux and intensity of solar radiation was obtained. The driving force of mercury emission from water surface to air is the super-saturation of dissolved gaseous mercury in aqueous phase.     

植物中汞的研究进展

植物生态系统中汞的环境过程是生物地球化学循环过程的重要组成部分，且与整个生态系统中各物种的生存和发展密切相关。本文介绍了植物中汞生物地球化学循环的进展，包括汞对植物的生物毒性、植物中汞的来源、分布与迁移转化、植物大气间汞的交换过程及其研究方法，以及植被在生态系统间汞循环中的重要作用，最后简要介绍今后的研究重点和热点。     

王水水浴消解-冷原子荧光法测定土壤和沉积物中的总汞

土壤和沉积物中的总汞是环境监测的常规项目。不同消解方法对测定结果和分析进度影响较大。本文改进了与其它强氧化体系消解样品具有可对比性的传统王水消解法，利用王水在95℃水浴中一次消解，结合BrCl氧化-SnCl2还原-汞蒸汽吹脱金管预富集-冷原子荧光法测定了土壤和沉积物样品中的总汞。该方法操作简单，数据可靠，精度高，土壤和沉积物标准样品测定的相对误差为-4．6％～10．1％，回收率91．1％～111．6％；平行样测定重现性良好，提高了分析速度和准确度。     

贵州万山汞矿区稻田土壤汞的分布及污染特征

受历史汞矿开采活动影响,万山汞矿区稻田遭受了严重的汞污染。为了查明万山汞矿区稻田土壤的汞污染现状以及评估其环境质量改善情况,系统采集了受汞矿区影响的五条主干河流沿岸稻田土壤进行汞含量分析,评价总汞和甲基汞污染程度及其生态风险,并与2008年以来该区域稻田土壤汞数据进行对比。结果表明,研究区稻田土壤的总汞含量为0.21~207 mg/kg,几何平均值为(4.26±4.83)mg/kg;甲基汞含量为0.42~13μg/kg,几何平均值为(1.81±1.93)μg/kg。59%的稻田土壤处于重度汞污染,75%的稻田土壤存在极强的汞潜在生态风险。与已往数据相比,稻田土壤汞含量在2012年后呈下降趋势,基本反映了当地汞防治措施的执行效果。为了避免稻田土壤汞污染引起的安全健康风险,今后应采取除污染源治理以外的土壤修复措施或风险管控措施。     

贵州滥木厂汞矿区土壤与大气间气态汞交换通量及影响因素研究

利用动力学通量箱-大气自动测汞仪联用技术,分别于2002年12月和2003年5月对贵州省西南部滥木厂汞矿区5个采样点的土壤汞释放通量进行了系统的测定.结果表明该区土壤是大气的重要汞释放源.5个采样点土壤释汞通量最高值达10 543.7 ng/(m2·h),平均值最高达(2 283.3±2 434.2)ng/(m2·h)(n=152).结果显示土壤总汞含量与土壤释汞通量关系密切,是决定土壤汞释放的内在因素,光照、温度、湿度和大气汞含量等环境因素与土壤释汞通量有较好的相关性,对土壤汞的释放有显著的影响.     

酸沉降对人类的威胁之一：引起湖泊体系鱼体汞污染

本文通过总结前人研究成果，探讨了有关沉降以及由之引起的湖水酸化对湖泊体系中汞的生物地球化学循环演化规律的影响，说明由酸沉降引起的湖水酸化交造成的湖泊体系中鱼体汞污染。     

夏季自然水体与大气界面间气态总汞的交换通量

利用动力学通量箱法与高时间分辨率大气测汞仪的联用技术, 在瑞典西南的Kristineberg海洋观测站(KMRS)和Knobesholm的Hovgårdsån河分别测定了夏季海水和河水表面与大气间汞的交换通量. 在夏季, 河水和海水都是大气汞的源. 河水和海水表面与大气间汞的交换通量在夏季具有一致的昼夜变化规律, 白天由水体向大气排汞且在正午达到最大值; 夜间排汞量相对较小且有时会出现大气汞向水体沉降. 河水与大气间汞的交换通量与光照强度呈线性正相关关系, 与大气相对湿度呈线性负相关性, 同时还与水体温度存在指数相关性. 海水与大气间汞交换通量只与光照强度存在良好的线性正相关关系. 水体中溶解态气汞的过饱和是水体汞向大气释放的驱动力.     

Damming effect on the distribution of mercury in Wujiang River

Seasonal changes in total mercury concentrations in surface water were observed for the Wujiang River, with higher values at the time of greater flow. The total mercury in this river was mostly associated with suspended particles, particulate mercury accounting for 84% of the total mercury flux on average during the high flow period, and 52% of the total mercury flux on average in the low flow period. Significant losses of Hg from the water were observed in the downstreams of the reservoir. In addition, the concentrations of particulate mercury in the downstreams of reservoir appeared to have been enhanced by sediment re-suspension and shoreline erosion caused by flood discharge, while the filtered portion decreased. These observations suggested that reservoirs played an important role in controlling the transport and fate of mercury in the Wujiang River.