基于OGC标准的基础地理数据集群服务设计

现代三维数字地球已成为GIS技术应用的常用前端展现平台,采用的海量高分辨率遥感影像、分层地名数据和DEM数据的数字地球能否提供高效服务成为制约数字地球框架实用性的关键因素。本文对目前流行的由World Wind项目组基于OGC标准实现的WMS服务及通过Geo Server项目实现的地名服务建立基础地理集群服务的方法进行了研究,同时还针对不同分辨率、不同存储模式的的影像数据服务效率给出了实际分析测试结果。     

Putting accessibility in place: A relational reading of accessibility in policies for transit-oriented development

In order to facilitate sustainable development, a shift from mobility-based to accessibility-based planning has been suggested. However, if we rely on the modern conceptualisation of accessibility, such a shift would have limited results. As an alternative, this paper proposes a relational reading of accessibility, which questions the divide between mobility and place upon which the modern definition is based. It argues that the accessibility of a place is characterised by a specific coordination of presences and absences that depends as much on boundaries and exclusions as on mobility. If accessibility changes, so does the place. This interpretation makes accessibility a matter of priorities and provides a critical perspective on arguments for time–space compressions and progress. This is illustrated here using the example of a regional strategy for transit-oriented development in Sweden (Region Scania). For that case, the discourse on accessibility revealed simplified arguments for densification, progress and metropolitan ideals, contradicting the initial inclusive intentions of the strategy. Thus, there is a need to put accessibility in place so that a shift to accessibility-based planning facilitates a move towards social and environmental sustainability.     

漫谈地名与传说──望娘尖(黄杨尖)等名称探究

舟山群岛的开化历史有史前（新石器）和史后（春秋战国）两部分的历史。作者根据传说联系出土出海文物，运用专业技术进行逻辑推理探讨，试图导出“塌东京”的所在地，在现今的舟山所属海域──黄大洋；并且还提出了“塌东京”和“长崇明”的必然因果关系。如果文中推断符合实际的话，那么对于发掘研究舟山海域的古文化──新石器时期的舟山海域及陆域的原始社会发展过程来说，具有十分重大的意义。     

THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA ISLANDS IN ANCIENT CHINA

ＴＨＥＮＯＭＥＮＣＬＡＴＵＲＥＯＦＴＨＥＳＯＵＴＨＣＨＩＮＡＳＥＡＩＳＬＡＮＤＳＩＮＡＮＣＩＥＮＴＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＬｉｕＮａｎｗｅｉ（刘南威）（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｇｕａｎｇｚ...     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

software reviews are in this article BMDP/PC CONCEPTS COMPUTERIZED ATLAS EVALUATION OF ALTERNATE PROPOSALS (EAP) EXTRA: EXPRESS TRANSIT ANALYSIS MATC CAD MOTORS TRANSPORTATION PACKAGE PCMAP: Thematic Mapping Software for the IBM Personal Computer, Version 2.3 PLACE TRANPLAN . US-ATLAS     

地图数字化与汉字数字化的关系

通过论述汉字信息在地图信息中的重要地位,说明开发地名数字化系统的必要性;并且通过分析汉字的“音、形、义”的结构特征,阐明了地名数字化系统的继承性、层次性、稳定性和开放性。从而说明开发地名数字化系统的艰巨性。     

Effects of the number of stations and time resolution on derivation

For at least 30 years now it has been well known that the Dst index can be modelled using the solar wind as input. Since then, many attempts have been made to improve the predictability of Dst using different approaches. These attempts are useful, for instance, to understand which features of the solar wind–magnetosphere interactions are most important in producing magnetospheric activity and how the Dst index would improve the space weather forecast. The Dst index is by far the most reliable and simple indication that a magnetic storm is in progress. In this work, the effect of using more than four magnetic stations and shorter time intervals than the hourly averages used in Sugiura's procedures is evaluated. The discussion is based on the results presented by Burton in 1975 and Feldstein in 1984 considering 4 or 12 magnetic stations and time averages of 2.5 min for a magnetic disturbed period that occurred from February 7–28, 1967, including two geomagnetic storms. The analysis has shown that the global representation of a magnetic storm by the standard Dst (Sugiura) is well preserved either using 4, 6, 12 magnetic stations or using 1 h, 2.5 min 1 min averages. A brief review of the current understanding of Dst has been included to support the discussions. The analysis performed has shown that a more refined Dst index (time and number of stations>4) would be useful to investigate the intrinsic processes and the different current systems involved in the ring current development during magnetic storms; the standard Dst, as it is conceived, is quite adequate to monitor geomagnetic storms and identify their overall features; concerning the magnetic stations normally considered, the inclusion of higher magnetic latitude stations (>35) may underestimate the observed Dst.     

江西某蔬菜基地土壤重金属污染现状

根据表层土、深层土的采样研究资料,获取了江西某蔬菜基地的土壤主要重金属元素基准值,分析了5种重金属元素在该区表层土中的分布、分配及相关特点,分析了元素的迁移特征。对该蔬菜基地的土壤重金属污染现状作了初步评价,并提出了合理调整的相关建议。研究发现,该蔬菜基地表层土(耕作土层)中Cd、Hg、Pb存在明显的积聚现象。局部地段土壤中已超出了农业部颁发的无公害蔬菜产地以及绿色食品产地土壤环境质量标准,成了"不安全生产区"。同时发现区内重金属含量本底值并不高,重金属的污染积蓄主要与人类生产活动有关,可能来源于长期不合理的施肥与喷药。     

CALCUTTA'S HAND–PULLED RICKSHAWS: CULTURAL POLITICS AND PLACE MAKING IN A GLOBALIZING CITY*

For more than a century, hand‐pulled rickshaws have been a prominent part of Calcutta's cityscape. Under the veil of modernization, progress, and globalization, however, the government of West Bengal State declared that rickshaws cause traffic congestion and constitute an exploitative use of human labor. Yet, despite the government‐imposed ban, rickshaws continue to ply the streets of central Calcutta. Based on interviews with rickshaw owners, operators, public officials, and local residents, we examine the cultural politics surrounding rickshaw pulling in Calcutta. This article shows that the rickshaw wallahs (pullers), who operate as part of the informal economy, provide an expansive range of services not limited to transportation. Indeed, the rickshaw wallahs form an integral part of Calcutta's social fabric, having made a place for themselves by facilitating social interaction and challenging hegemonic ideas and practices about who belongs where.     

Making Cyberspaces into Cyberplaces

Abstract

This article explores the interplay between geographic concepts and geographers' Web site design. The concepts—place, site, and situation—provide the context for reconsidering current metaphors dominating the rhetoric of cyberspace. Challenging the predominant metaphor of cyberspace as path or highway, we draw on the work of French phenomenologist Merleau-Ponty and on the work of phenomeno-logically oriented geographers to propose the figure/ground structure of cyberplace in contrast to the void of cyberspace. For the absolute freedom of unlimited space we suggest the depth and breadth of world. If geographers succeed at creating Web sites informed by disciplinary concepts, Web site design itself can help to reconceive geographic concepts. Two virtual field-trips offer the opportunity to demonstrate the interaction of a reconceived notion of place and the design of graphical interfaces. The article discovers possibilities for enhancing the value of geographic Web sites. Three design strategies—geographic context, duration, and nonlinearity—are recommended as a result of this investigation.