Geobotanical and biogeochemical reconnaissance of the ultramafics of Central Iran

In Iran, ultramafic rocks cover substantial areas at many locations in the country. These rocks consist predominantly of peridotite which has been serpentinized to some degree. Anarak and Nain are two ultramafic areas in Central Iran comprising about 180 and 270 km², respectively, located in a coloured melange zone. There is little information available regarding the geobotany and biogeochemistry of these areas. They have a dry climate, with low rainfall and high temperatures in summer which encourages mostly annual and perennial herbaceous types of plants. In this paper, we report a reconnaissance study of these two ultramafic areas of Iran. Soil analysis of total elements indicates that typical concentrations of Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Fe, Mg and Ca are about 1500, 300, 75, 800, 45.000 150.000 and 2000 μg g^− 1, respectively. During this study 176 plant species were collected, belonging to 29 families. The species diversity at Anarak is more than at Nain, possibly due to microclimatic differences and a greater precipitation. The number of plants endemic to ultramafic soils of these two areas is very low. The herb Cleome heratensis (Capparaceae) appears to be an indicator of ultramafics in Central Iran. Populations of this plant cover quite extensive areas during summer and autumn when there is no rainfall. Analysis of the dry matter of the leaves of all plants collected did not reveal any hyperaccumulator of nickel or any other ‘serpentine’ metals. The ultramafic endemic plant C. heratensis contained low concentrations of all metals and thus it possesses exclusion mechanisms to restrict excessive metal uptake. The Mg/Ca ratio for some plants collected is high—up to 4.9. This initial survey suggests that a more complete investigation of the ultramafic areas of Iran would be valuable.     

东天山尖山铜矿床地质特征及成矿规律

尖山铜矿位于塔里木板块觉罗塔格晚古生代沟弧带南缘,赋矿地层为下石炭统白鱼山组,含矿岩性为安山质凝灰岩.矿体受康古尔塔格深大断裂之分支断裂苦水大断裂形成的低序次层间断裂破碎带控制,矿体形态为细长脉状.近矿围岩蚀变主要为绿帘石化、绿泥石化、阳起石化、黄铁矿化及绢云母化等,成因类型为中-低温热液石英脉型.     

新疆伽师砂岩型铜矿地质特征及找矿标志

新疆伽师砂岩型铜矿区位于塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪古生代前陆盆地西南，北部以哈拉峻-阿合奇断裂为界，与南天山晚古生代陆缘盆地相邻，是塔里木北缘的一个陆内海盆。砂岩铜矿赋存于一套主要由褐红色-红色砂岩、粉砂岩、砂质泥岩及泥岩组成的红色砂岩建造中，其中夹有浅灰色砂岩层，铜矿化即发育于浅灰色砂岩中。含矿层长3km，厚4-6m，共发现有3条矿体。其中Ⅰ号矿体长650m，厚2．21～5．13m，平均厚度3．93m，Ⅱ号矿体长190m，厚2-4m；Ⅲ号矿体长100m，平均厚度3．37m。通过对矿区的地层、构造，铜矿体的规模、形态、产状的分析认为，古近系的浅灰色钙质砂岩为找矿的最有利层位；孔雀石化的含岩屑钙质细砂岩转石是找矿的直接标志；膏岩建造一般位于含矿层的底部，石膏层为明显的找矿标志。     

河南桐柏下黄竹园金矿床地球化学特征研究

下黄竹园金矿是老湾金矿成矿带的重要组成部分,文章通过对地层各组段和主要岩石类型中微量元素地球化学参数特征,以及异常元素空间分布、异常浓度分带、分带序列、元素对比值的研究,表明成矿元素含量变化与地层层序、岩石类型密切相关.龟山岩组二云石英片岩是金矿体的直接赋矿围岩,与斜长角闪片岩共同构成矿源层.根据异常元素组份分带、垂向分带序列和不同标高元素对比值的研究,建立了地球化学评价指标,为矿床深部及外围找矿提供了地球化学依据.     

黔西南炼山坡红土型金矿地质特征及找矿标志

简述了黔西南炼山坡红土型金矿的矿区地层与构造、分散流与次生晕的成果、矿体产出状态等矿床地质特征,并从成矿物质来源,地质构造,地形、地貌及古气候,红土化作用及元素的迁移与富集作用方面探讨其成矿地质条件,提出了找矿标志。     

桂西北地区锑矿地质特征及找矿标志探讨

桂西北地区是广西锑矿密集区,文章对区内锑矿床的地质特征、地球化学特征、矿体富集规律和找矿标志进行了分析和探讨。     

陕西旬阳地区志留系铅锌矿的地质特征及找矿方向

陕西旬阳地区志留系铅锌矿位于南秦岭-大别构造带中部,镇(安)旬(阳)古生代沉积盆地的南缘。铅锌矿带东西长约100km,南北宽10～50km。已初步查明区内铅锌矿含矿层位为中志留统双河镇组和下志留统梅子垭组,圈出了泗人沟-南沙沟、杨柳-任家沟-小沟和长沙-西营-黄石板铅锌(铜)矿带。在矿带内发现20余处铅锌(铜)矿床(点),已获铅锌资源量1Mt以上。矿床(点)单个矿体长75～1400m,平均厚度0.50～14.00m,平均铅品位0.14%～3.69%,平均锌品位0.96%～36.00%。铅锌矿主要受地层、岩性、岩相、构造等诸多因素控制。经预测,本区铅锌资源量在2Mt以上,安康—白河、平利等地区有较好的找矿远景。     

辽宁东平金矿床地质特征及找矿方向

东平金矿位于辽西凌源-阜新金成矿带上，金矿（化）体主要赋存在硅化构造角砾岩、硅化流纹岩和硅化流纹质角砾熔岩中.矿石以自然金和银金矿为主，其中自然金约占80%，银金矿约占20%.激电中梯及钻探结果显示矿体主要受北北西向构造控制，金矿（化）体主要位于高阻低极化率的F2构造蚀变带内.土壤地球化学测量圈定综合异常22处，Ⅰ-4异常区经钻探验证发现多个隐伏金矿（化）体.在详细研究矿床地质特征的基础上，通过对比邻区赵家沟金矿，初步推断其成因类型为低温热液型金矿.同时认为区内北北西向构造蚀变带内具有的黄铁矿化、强硅化和碳酸盐化是主要的矿化蚀变信息，高阻低极化率及Au土壤地球化学综合异常带是重要的找矿方向.     

Segregation and Residential Mobility of Vietnamese Immigrants in Brisbane,Australia

The study focuses on residential mobility propensities of Vietnamese immigrants in the city of Brisbane, Australia, as a principal force contributing to the persistence or change of ethnic residential segregation over time. Using 1990 survey data, discrete-time logit models are estimated to assess the effects of locational, contextual, and personal characteristics on the likelihood of changing residence within the city. The results indicate that locational variables operate in such a way that the most dominant Vietnamese neighborhood in Brisbane increases its prominence even further, while secondary Vietnamese clusters are likely to weaken. The results also indicate that initial settlement conditions are important for the first move only, whereas personal attributes contribute to variations in mobility propensities primarily in the second move. This implies that the composition of the immigrant population potentially influences the speed at which changes in ethnic residential patterns will occur in urban areas.     

北瓦沟铅锌矿区块硫锑铅矿的发现及与金成矿关系

在辽东半岛元古宙陆间裂谷某些矿床岩石矿物研究中,发现北瓦沟铅锌矿床含有一定量的块硫锑铅矿,常与方铅矿、黄铁矿、脆硫锑铅矿、硫锑铁矿、金银矿等共生,呈连晶或包裹产出,且与金银矿关系密切。当铅锌矿出现块硫锑铅矿物时,在镜下且见有韧性变形特征时,必见金银产出,其金银含量与块硫锑铅矿含量呈消长关系。因此,认为块硫锑铅矿的产出是寻找金银矿床的标志