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81.
中国陆地生态系统脆弱带遥感模型 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本研究通过对我国陆地生态系统8个典型样地的植被指数取样实验和图像计算结果发现,这8个样地植被指数随着水、热因子的季节变化,在时间和空间上具有一定的“绿波推移”和“景观更替”规律。在中国东部湿润的季风区(样地1-3),随着纬度的增高,其月平均植被指数与月平均气温有较大的相关。发现降水相对丰沛的地带,热量和光照条件的变化成为植被生长和变化的自然限制因子;而在中国北方森林-森林草原-典型昌原-荒漠草原-荒漠地带上,随着从东部(湿润地区)到西部(干旱地区)干湿条件的更替,月平均植被指数与降水多寡有较大的正相关关系。在8个样地上都呈现出共同的规律,即定向风的分布与植被指数的分布在时间和空间上具有逆相分布的“套合关系”。尤其在时间上有相逆套合关系,这正是中国北方沙尘暴和沙漠化加剧的自然原因。本研究定量地给出了我国陆地不同经纬度带生态系统脆弱季节和累积时间的分布。 相似文献
82.
人类对流域生态系统的干预,导致季节性淹没区减少,天然湿地丧失,生态环境的恶化和生物多样性锐减,土地利用方式发生了剧烈变化。以流域整体性理论、物种多样性理论、物种耐性理论和景观生态学理论为基础,分析了土地利用方式对生态需水的影响。结果表明,河岸天然植被生态系统通过削减洪峰、增补枯水和截留污染物的作用,来影响流域的水量分配和水质改善,使流域受水分不足威胁的程度降低,即在更大的时间与空间尺度上,保证了流域对生态水的需求。因此,为了流域生态系统的可持续发展,应采取保护湿地、河溪森林植被、水陆交错带等合理的土地利用方式。 相似文献
83.
地质科学研究要以人为本,从可持续发展出发,开拓地质多样性,有所为有所不为.中国黄土研究经历了发现研究、比较研究和目的研究3个层次阶段,今后需要加强目的研究.中国已有条件从黄土所保存的各种信息,以揭示新生代以来全球干旱化的机制、规律和人类活动影响为目的,从区域性走向全球性研究,提出黄土"地质生态系统”研究的概念.基础研究方面,讨论了1)黄土序列连续性和间断性的间断平衡(PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM)问题;2)黄土全球分布形成机制一元论问题;3)黄土地貌形态与地壳运动表现问题.应用研究方面,讨论了1)健康与黄土区域地球化学与地质生理学(GEOPHYSIOLOGY)问题;2)建设城乡与黄土地质生态结构问题;3)农业与黄土区域生态系统管理评价(REGIONAL ECOSYSTEM ASSESMENT).认为在黄土研究中会遇到社会和技术发展方面的挑战,但关键是科学工作者自己的挑战. 相似文献
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86.
A New Coastal Marine Ecosystem Model Study Coupled with Hydrodynamics and Tidal Flat Ecosystem Effect 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Akio Sohma Yasuyuki Sekiguchi Hiroshi Yamada Tatsuaki Sato Kisaburo Nakata 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,43(7-12):187-208
A new coastal marine ecosystem model was developed, which was composed of pelagic and benthic ecosystems, and was applied to Mikawa Bay, Japan. This model deals with variations of biochemical and physical interactions among dissolved oxygen and C–N–P species (composition formed out of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus elements) so that it resolves the flux dynamics of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen elements. The physical and biochemical mechanism figured in this model is constructed for the purpose of simulating the estuarine lower trophic ecosystem, in areas where the sea was too deep for light to reach the sea-bottom. As a result of coupling the benthic with pelagic system, the effect of process of sedimentation and nutrient diffusion back to the pelagic system could be indicated. In addition, by implementing the tidal flat ecosystem model's calculation result, the integrated model can include the effect of water purification in tidal flats where the light can reach the sea-bottom, and where sea-weed, sea grass and benthic algae exist. In this study, the model indicates that oxygen-depleted water exists at the sea-bottom especially in summer mainly caused by an increase of oxygen consumption in the benthic system and a decrease of the vertical mixing water process. Furthermore, by comparing the case – with the tidal flat ecosystem model and the case without it, the effect of water purification of tidal flat estuaries was indicated. From the viewpoint of a short time scale, the tidal flat has the potential to restrict red tide (rapid increase of phytoplankton), and from the viewpoint of a long time scale, it restricts the sedimentation of detritus. Restricting the sedimentation prevents oxygen-depleted water occurring in the coastal marine system of Mikawa Bay. 相似文献
87.
Pollani Annika Triantafyllou George Petihakis George Nittis Konstantinos Dounas Costas Christoforos Koutitas 《Marine pollution bulletin》2001,43(7-12):270-278
In this work the development and the application of an operational management tool for the Greek Seas is described. This tool consists of a three-dimensional floating pollutant prediction model coupled with a weather, a hydrodynamic and a wave model in order to track the movements and the spreading of the pollutants and indicate those coastal areas which might be affected. The tool is part of the Poseidon system which has been designed to provide real time data and forecasts for marine environmental conditions in the Greek Seas. In this paper, we present four case studies based on realistic scenarios that show the value of the application for long-term strategic planning and short-term decision making in oil spill accidents. 相似文献
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89.
Martin Gast Wolfgang Schaaf Joerg Scherzer Rudolf Wilden Bernd U. Schneider Reinhard F. Hüttl 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2001,73(2):196
To analyze the development of pine ecosystems on lignite and pyrite containing mine soils, four pine stands with ages of 3–35 years were investigated in a chronosequence approach. Bulk precipitation, throughfall and soil solution in depths of 20, 40, 70 and 100 cm were studied over a three-year period to determine element fluxes in these forest ecosystems on extreme acidic and saline soils.Element budgets are controlled by the processes induced by pyrite oxidation such as intensive weathering of primary minerals, precipitation and leaching of secondary phases.Despite low water fluxes, element outputs can reach extraordinary high values due to very high concentrations in the soil solution. Although element outputs decrease drastically with stand age, respectively, site age, they exceed those of comparable pine stands on non-mine sites. Nitrogen release from the lignite fraction represents a special characteristic of the examined substrates. Nitrogen losses beneath the rooted zone can be 34 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 100 cm depth. Element input and output in the examined ecosystems are far from balance. Closed cycling of nutrients seems to be recognizable in the case of potassium. 相似文献
90.
Mateus Dantas de Paula Marta Gómez Giménez Aidin Niamir Martin Thurner Thomas Hickler 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(2):262-277
ABSTRACTGlobal, fast and accessible monitoring of biodiversity is one of the main pillars of the efforts undertaken in order to revert it loss. The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO-BON) provided an expert-based definition of the biological properties that should be monitored, the Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs). Initiatives to provide indicators for EBVs rely on global, freely available remote sensing (RS) products in combination with empirical models and field data, and are invaluable for decision making. In this study, we provide alternatives for the expansion and improvement of the EBV indicators, by suggesting current and future data from the European Space Agencýs COPERNICUS and explore the potential of RS-integrated Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) for the estimation of EBVs. Our review found that mainly due to the inclusion of the Sentinel constellation, Copernicus products have similar or superior potential for EBV indicator estimation in relation to their NASA counterparts. DGVMs simulate the ecosystem level EBVs (ecosystem function and structure), and when integrated with remote sensing data have great potential to not only offer improved estimation of current states but to provide projection of ecosystem impacts. We suggest that focus on producing EBV relevant outputs should be a priority within the research community, to support biodiversity preservation efforts. 相似文献