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51.
This paper describes briefly the recent advances and acievements of the research projects conducted by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM) in the period of the Ninth Five-Year Plan(1995-2000) with the support of the China Seismological Bureau(CSB),These projects are related with key problems in the field of earthquake engineering.They are:development of the methods for determining earthquake resistant design load level,study on mechanisms of earthquake damage to buildings.development of new technology of base isolation,and study on earthquake damage prediction and seismic losss assessment methods.Through these studies,quite a number of problems have een solved and some of them have een applied in earthquake engineering design and practice. 相似文献
52.
Pore‐ice sublimation is a prerequisite for aeolian activity in cold environments where surface sediments hold significant amounts of frozen water. Few quantitative studies have defined the rate of grain release from cemented surfaces by pore‐ice sublimation. In 1996–1997, controlled field experiments at Presqu'ile Beach, Ontario, were implemented to measure sediment release from frozen surfaces. The release rates were compared to the local wind regime, ambient temperature and humidity. In additional field experiments, the effect of sediment water content on grain release by sublimation was examined. From the experimental results, an equation which predicts grain release based on local wind speed, ground temperature, humidity, and surface water content is proposed. Predicted release rates show reasonable agreement with natural deflation measured on the beach at Presqu'ile Provincial Park. 相似文献
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基于应变模态法识别刚架桥梁的损伤 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
基于应变模态方法,对刚架桥的损伤识别进行了研究。通过对某刚架桥在不同损伤工况下的数值仿真计算,探讨了应变模态方法用于刚架桥损伤识别的能力。计算结果表明:利用应变模态差曲线能比较准确地识别出刚架桥的损伤位置;应变模态差曲线在刚架桥损伤单元处的跳跃幅值随单元损伤程度的增加而增大,依此可定性地识别出刚架桥的损伤程度。 相似文献
55.
高密度电法勘探在岩溶查找中的应用 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
介绍了武汉市汤逊湖污水处理厂厂址的地质概况和地球物理特征,以及高密度电法勘探的施工方案,分析了视电阻率异常特征,并说明了其异常验证情况。高密度电法勘探结果表明该区存在溶洞,为施工提供了决策依据,建议在有溶洞的地段采取相应措施,以防止工程建设后发生地质灾害。 相似文献
56.
This work presents a novel procedure for identifying the dynamic characteristics of a building and diagnosing whether the building has been damaged by earthquakes, using a back‐propagation neural network approach. The dynamic characteristics are directly evaluated from the weighting matrices of the neural network trained by observed acceleration responses and input base excitations. Whether the building is damaged under a large earthquake is assessed by comparing the modal parameters and responses for this large earthquake with those for a small earthquake that has not caused this building any damage. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated through processing the dynamic responses of a five‐storey steel frame, subjected to different strengths of the Kobe earthquake, in shaking table tests. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
57.
Horie Kei Maki Norio Kohiyama Masayuki Lu Hengjian Tanaka Satoshi Hashitera Shin Shigekawa Kishie Hayashi Haruo 《Natural Hazards》2003,29(3):341-370
Rebuilding of victims' livelihoods was a crucial issue in the restoration process in the1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster. Housing damage assessment influencedmost of the rebuilding of the livelihood in the long term, because the Victim Certificatesissued by the local governments based on the results of the Housing damage assessmentwas required to receive most of the individual assistance measures. In the process ofHousing damage assessment, many complex problems arose, leading to extensivework on the part of the disaster responders. Consequently, a considerable number ofvictims were dissatisfied with the assessment and applied for a resurvey. Due to a floodof requests for resurvey, disaster responders had to work on damage assessment, leavingrelief activities aside.In order to facilitate Housing damage assessment, this paper discusses thefollowing five points: (1) the processes and the problems of assessments performedin the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, (2) the changes in the nature of informationneeded by the victims, (3) the improvements over the present damage assessment, (4)the housing situation in Japan, and (5) the international situation on damage assessment.It is obvious from the results that a poor damage assessment system and the size ofthe disaster produced a very large work load. Differences in appreciation among theinvestigators also contributed to unfair assessments and led to the victims beingincreasingly dissatisfied by the survey results. Finally, a design concept for acomprehensive damage assessment system, which has been derived from theabove five points, is proposed for post-disaster management. 相似文献
58.
冬季北极涛动和华北冬季气温变化关系研究 总被引:33,自引:6,他引:33
利用北极涛动指数(AOI)、NCEP/NCAR40a再分析资料中的海平面气压(SLP)、850、500、200hPa等压面高度场资料及中国160站月平均气温资料,运用小波分析,经验正交函数(EOF)分析等方法,分析了华北冬季气温和冬季北极涛动指数的变化特征及其关系。结果表明它们之间存在有着显著相关,特别是在年代际尺度上关系尤其密切。华北在20世纪70年代初以前为持续冷冬,80年代中期之后变为持续暖冬,其间相对正常,而冬季北极涛运指数亦存在类似的3个阶段,冬季北极涛动高(低)低数年,华北地区为暖(冷)冬年。其原因在于,北极涛动在于对流层低层和高层都可激发类似EU遥相关型的异常,通过影响西伯利亚高压和东亚大槽影响华北地区气温。强(弱)涛运年大气环流具有弱(强)东亚冬季风特征,西伯利亚高压减弱(增强),亚洲大陆地面东北风减弱(增强),高空东亚大槽减弱(增强)。 相似文献
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