首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   299篇
  免费   45篇
  国内免费   76篇
测绘学   7篇
大气科学   77篇
地球物理   79篇
地质学   112篇
海洋学   73篇
天文学   2篇
综合类   14篇
自然地理   56篇
  2024年   1篇
  2023年   5篇
  2022年   7篇
  2021年   15篇
  2020年   16篇
  2019年   14篇
  2018年   19篇
  2017年   19篇
  2016年   15篇
  2015年   15篇
  2014年   22篇
  2013年   33篇
  2012年   22篇
  2011年   20篇
  2010年   12篇
  2009年   19篇
  2008年   14篇
  2007年   19篇
  2006年   11篇
  2005年   13篇
  2004年   14篇
  2003年   10篇
  2002年   17篇
  2001年   16篇
  2000年   11篇
  1999年   9篇
  1998年   5篇
  1997年   7篇
  1996年   7篇
  1995年   2篇
  1992年   1篇
  1991年   1篇
  1990年   2篇
  1989年   1篇
  1988年   1篇
  1987年   1篇
  1986年   1篇
  1985年   1篇
  1984年   1篇
  1971年   1篇
排序方式: 共有420条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Y. Wang  X. Zhang  M. Mu  C. Zhang  A. Lv 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(16):2006-2014
ABSTRACT

Flood-risk is affected by both climatic and anthropogenic factors. In this study, we assess changes in flood risk induced by a combination of climate change and flood prevention sets in the Baiyangdian (BYD) Lake area of China. Extreme storm events are analysed by the bias-corrected climate data from global climate models. A hydrological model is implemented and integrated with a hydrodynamic model to assess flood risk under three scenarios. The streamflow into the BYD was validated against historical flash-flood events. The results indicate that the changing climate increased extreme precipitation, upstream total inflow and the flood risk at the core region of Xiong’an New Area (XNA), the newly announced special economic zone in the BYD area. However, flood prevention measures can effectively mitigate the climatic effect. The research highlights the severe flash-flood risk at BYD and demonstrates the urgent need for a climate-resilient plan for XNA.  相似文献   
82.
渤海湾曹妃甸围填海工程对大型底栖动物群落的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为研究渤海湾围填海工程对附近海域大型底栖动物群落的影响,利用2013年秋季和2014年春季调查数据,对渤海湾附近海域大型底栖动物群落的物种数、总平均丰度、总平均生物量和生物多样性指数进行分析。结果发现,调查区域的优势类群为多毛类,优势种为凸壳肌蛤(Musculus senhousia)和日本倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus japonicas),这与渤海湾大型底栖动物群落优势种单一和物种小型化的特征相符。曹妃甸围填海海域与邻近海域的大型底栖动物群落物种数、丰度、生物量和多样性指数均没有显著差异。2014年春季较2013年秋季的大型底栖动物群落多样性稍有所提高,这可能是围填海工程放缓和阶段性施工结束后生物群落在缓慢的恢复。ABC曲线(Abundance/Biomass Curves)分析表明渤海湾大型底栖动物群落均已受到中等程度干扰;M-AMBI指数分析发现曹妃甸围填海区大型底栖动物群落健康状况较差。结合渤海湾围填海面积和历史数据,发现围填海等人类活动已对渤海湾生态环境和大型底栖动物群落造成了不同程度的影响,导致该区域的生态系统受损。受损生态系统的完全恢复需要漫长的过程,受损大型底栖动物群落的次生演替也需要较长的时间,短时间内不会有明显的改善。  相似文献   
83.
利用Aura/OMI月均甲醛对流层垂直柱浓度数据对2005年—2016年中国广东省和江苏省的大气甲醛的时空变化规律、不同排放源的前体物的潜在贡献进行了分析。甲醛在广东省主要集中在珠三角地区,在江苏省分布则相对较为均匀。2005年—2010年,随着经济发展,在两省都发现了大面积的甲醛增加趋势;相应的,在2011年—2016年,由于减排等治理措施的实施,在两省都有大面积的甲醛减少现象。广东省的甲醛主要呈现出春季、秋季高于冬季再高于夏季的特征;而江苏地区夏季甲醛浓度远高于其他季节,并与光照强度的季节性特征较为一致。此外,由于广东省甲醛分布的均一性较差,因此区域性因素(如地形等)对广东省甲醛分布可能有着较大的影响。各个排放源中,工业源、交通源对珠三角潜在贡献可能较大;自然源对梅州等林地覆盖地区可能有相对较高的影响;在江苏省,各个排放源对甲醛的贡献相对均衡,但夏季较为频繁的生物质燃烧可能对夏季高值甲醛有着相对较高的贡献。  相似文献   
84.
This study investigates the changes in January diurnal temperature range(DTR) in China during 1961-2000.The observed DTR changes during 1981-2000 relative to 1961-80 are first analyzed based on the daily temperature data at 546 weather stations.These observed DTR changes are classified into six cases depending on the changes in daily maximum and minimum temperatures,and then the occurrence frequency and magnitude of DTR change in each case are presented.Three transient simulations are then performed to understand the impact of greenhouse gases(GHGs) and aerosol direct forcing on DTR change:one without anthropogenic radiative forcing,one with anthropogenic GHGs,and another one with the combined forcing of GHGs and five species of anthropogenic aerosols.The predicted daily DTR changes during the years 1981-2000 are also classified into six cases and are compared with the observations.Results show that the previously proposed reason for DTR reduction,a stronger nocturnal warming than a daytime warming,explains only 19.8%of the observed DTR reduction days.DTR reductions are found to generally occur in northeastern China,coinciding with significant regional warming.The simulation with GHG forcing alone reproduces this type of DTR reduction with an occurrence frequency of 32.9%,which is larger than the observed value.Aerosol direct forcing reduces DTR mainly by daytime cooling.Consideration of aerosol cooling improves the simulation of occurrence frequencies of different types of DTR changes as compared to the simulation with GHGs alone,but it cannot improve the prediction of the magnitude of DTR changes.  相似文献   
85.
This paper discusses the excess pore‐air and pore‐water pressure dissipations and the average degree of consolidation in the 2D plane strain consolidation of an unsaturated soil stratum using eigenfunction expansion and Laplace transformation techniques. In this study, the application of a constant external loading on a soil surface is assumed to immediately generate uniformly or linearly distributed initial excess pore pressures. The general solutions consisting of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are first proposed. The Laplace transform is then applied to convert the time variable t in partial differential equations into the Laplace complex argument s. Once the domain is obtained, a simplified set of equations with variable s can be achieved. The final analytical solutions can be computed by taking a Laplace inverse. The proposed equations predict the two‐dimensional consolidation behaviour of an unsaturated soil stratum capturing the uniformly and linearly distributed initial excess pore pressures. This study investigates the effects of isotropic and anisotropic permeability conditions on variations of excess pore pressures and the average degree of consolidation. Additionally, isochrones of excess pore pressures along vertical and horizontal directions are presented. It is found that the initial distribution of pore pressures, varying with depth, results in considerable effects on the pore‐water pressure dissipation rate whilst it has insignificant effects on the excess pore‐air pressure dissipation rate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
86.
星云湖作为人类农业生产活动影响下环境问题突出的代表性高原湖泊,其水体健康与生态平衡对于区域可持续发展至关重要。因此,量化解析星云湖流域人类活动净氮磷输入时空来源变化及影响因素对于流域管理和湖泊恢复具有重要意义。基于社会经济统计数据,采用人类活动净氮输入(NANI)、人类活动净磷输入(NAPI)模型量化星云湖流域NANI、NAPI强度。结果表明,1989-2020年研究区NANI、NAPI均值分别为(14614±2196)和(3135±452)kg/(km2·a),时间上呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,且峰值出现在2015年,分别达到18076和3889 kg/(km2·a);空间分布上,除东部NANI、NAPI较低外,其余区域均较高;化肥和食物/饲料输入分别是NANI和NAPI的最大来源,占比分别为58.2%~63.8%和30.5%~59.5%。此外,基于模型选择和变量重要性分析发现,经济作物产量和畜禽密度是影响NANI、NAPI变化的最主要因素。因此,星云湖流域氮磷管控应从调整种植结构和模式等控源措施入手,加快经济模式转型。本研究结果可为星云湖流域建立有效的氮磷综合管理措施提供科学依据。  相似文献   
87.
Growth of phytoplankton, zooplankton and probably most other marine organisms as well, is likely to be affected by the pH of seawater. Growth of calcareous shells and skeletons is less likely to be affected by the saturation states of calcite and aragonite but the dissolution is. The increase of CO2 in the oceans due to burning of fossil fuel and clearing of forests is decreasing the pH of seawater and the degrees of saturation for calcite and aragonite wordwide. This paper presents the results of the first attempt to estimate the vertical distribution of anthropogenic CO2, and the decreases in pH and the degrees of saturation of calcite and aragonite in seawater near Taiwan. Most effects are very small except for the possible dissolution of aragonite on the upper continental slope starting around 2050 AD.  相似文献   
88.
Elastic wave velocity measurement in rocks at high pressures and high temperatures plays a key role in researching the state, properties and movement of the earth interior materials. Nowadays dehydration is believed to be as one of the most important reasons responsible for the abnormality of seismic velocity (Kern, 1982; Ito, 1990; Christensen, 1989; Popp, Kern, 1993; SONG, et al, 1996; ZHOU, 1998; ZHAO, et al, 1996). Geophysical, geochemical and mineralogical data have revealed that on…  相似文献   
89.
Abstract

On site observation is the most common way of monitoring cultural heritage sites and monuments in Cyprus. However, this procedure that includes data collection, periodical observations, and multivariate risk assessment analysis is difficult to accomplish with the traditional practices and methods since it is time consuming and expensive. Furthermore, many archaeological sites and monuments are located at inaccessible areas, far away from the main road network and urban areas. Satellite remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can successfully confront this problem by providing the scientists with integrated monitoring of the study areas and the unique advantage to store and manipulate a large amount of spatial and attribute data simultaneously. Actually the monitoring and identification of several natural and anthropogenic hazards in the vicinity of the cultural heritage sites in Cyprus, seems to be one of the main priorities of its governmental and municipal authorities. This study aims to integrate both satellite remote sensing techniques and GIS in a multidisciplinary approach, for monitoring anthropogenic and natural hazards with the use of archived and up-to-date multitemporal remotely sensed images in the study area, namely in areas nearby cultural heritage sites and monuments in Cyprus. In this study anthropogenic hazards include urbanisation and extended land use changes in the surroundings of archaeological sites and natural hazards concern seismicity and sea erosion.  相似文献   
90.
Increased population leads to land use (LU) changes from natural to urban and agricultural LU. These disturbances not only decrease the natural treatment potential but they also worsen surface water quality (SWQ). The aim of this review is to assess studies about impacts of anthropogenic LU changes on levels of nutrient concentrations in surface waterbodies, highlighting the important parameters needed for an integrated simulation. The results reported in the literature are not always fully consistent. These contradictory results can sometimes be explained by field measurements under different climatic conditions, different features of landscapes, air deposition rates on ground surfaces, and groundwater flow interactions with surface water. Integrated modelling has been suggested to overcome these inconsistencies. Physical‐based and empirical models are the most popular approaches for LU‐SWQ studies. Generally, anthropogenic LU such as agricultural and urban areas usually enhances nutrient concentrations much more than natural lands such as forest and barren. Developing sustainable metropolitan areas instead of rural areas, establishing high‐standard wastewater treatment plants, and practicing efficient fertiliser application would ameliorate the poor nutrient conditions in SWQ. Riparian vegetation, grassed swales, and construction of artificial wetlands as buffer zones are the most promising natural water quality control measures.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号