澳大利亚维多利亚州肭屏半岛第四纪古土壤沉积物的初步研究

本文对澳大利亚维多利亚州肭屏（Ｎｅｐｅａｎ）半岛海岸悬崖风成岩古土壤序列沉积学地层的成土母质来源、成土时期的环境、时代等问题进行研究。     

Note on Upper Cretaceous ostracods from south-western Morocco

Cenomanian, Turonian and Coniacian ostracods from a borehole in the coastal zone of the Tarfayan Basin, south-western Morocco, display affinities with associations from Algeria, Tunisia and the Middle East as well as with the Iberian Peninsula. Relationships with central and southern West Africa are relatively slight, which could be a result of palaeoecological particularities.     

A MASCOTTE-based characterization of MCSs over Spain, 2000–2002

A 3-year Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) database, which extends from 2000 to 2002, has been built for the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands using the objective method MASCOTTE (MAximum Spatial COrrelation Technique). It was originally developed to track the evolution of convective systems over the Amazon region; after modifications, it is able to track MCS evolution even with an hour and a half of missed images and provides essential information of both dynamical and morphological characteristics of MCSs. MASCOTTE is tested against a visual and subjective method, and is found to offer advantages such as automation and a simple and efficient operation that make it very useful for building large MCS databases.Thirty-five MCSs were found between June and October, most of them originated along the Mediterranean coast and near the Pyrenees, showing an increasing occurrence from June to September, when the maximum is found. The regions most influenced by MCS occurrences are Balearic Islands, Valencia, Catalonia, Murcia and the Basque Country. The MCSs tend to be small, short-lived and linear, usually moving eastward or northeastward with low velocities.The MCSs-associated precipitation presents high variability, ranging from 80 to 0 mm h⁻¹ as maximum hourly records. Two different convective regions are identified based on MCS behavior in extreme precipitation events: Northern Spain (the Basque Country) with abundant and continuous precipitation regime but little MCS influence, and the Mediterranean coast, where precipitation is sporadic but much more intense.     

Post-drilling destabilization of temperature profile in borehole Yaxcopoil-1, Mexico

As part of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), the 1.5-km-deep borehole Yaxcopoil-1, located in the Chixculub meteor impact structure in Mexico, has undergone further study after drilling operations ceased. Temperature logs were repeated ten times at intervals 0.3–0.8, 15, 24 and 34 months after borehole shut-in. The logs bear a distinct signature of transient heat transfer by groundwater flow manifested by a gradual distortion of the linear temperature profile when a cold wave of 0.8–1.6°C amplitude was detected propagating downward from 145 to 312 m at a rate of 4–6 m/month. To understand the nature of this moving anomaly, a 20-day monitoring of the cold wave was carried out at a depth of 307 m that showed further cooling of 0.6°C during the first 16 days of the passage followed by temperature stabilisation. As an explanation of this unusual phenomenon, a theory is proposed, whereby the drilling mud has accumulated within the overlying and cooler highly porous and permeable karstic rocks during the drilling and migrates downward. The observed migration rate suggests a permeability higher than 10^?11 m². This indicates a high vulnerability to contamination of the only freshwater aquifer in the Yucatan region.     

On the Bayesian analysis of the earthquake hazard in the North-East Indian peninsula

The Bayesian extreme-value distribution of earthquake occurrences has been used to estimate the seismic hazard in 12 seismogenic zones of the North-East Indian peninsula. The Bayesian approach has been used very efficiently to combine the prior information on seismicity obtained from geological data with historical observations in many seismogenic zones of the world. The basic parameters to obtain the prior estimate of seismicity are the seismic moment, slip rate, earthquake recurrence rate and magnitude. These estimates are then updated in terms of Bayes’ theorem and historical evaluations of seismicity associated with each zone. From the Bayesian analysis of extreme earthquake occurrences for North-East Indian peninsula, it is found that for T = 5 years, the probability of occurrences of magnitude (M _w = 5.0–5.5) is greater than 0.9 for all zones. For M _w = 6.0, four zones namely Z1 (Central Himalayas), Z5 (Indo-Burma border), Z7 (Burmese arc) and Z8 (Burma region) exhibit high probabilities. Lower probability is shown by some zones namely␣Z4, Z12, and rest of the zones Z2, Z3, Z6, Z9, Z10 and Z11 show moderate probabilities.     

1998年地面加热场的基本特征及其与南海夏季风爆发的可能联系

文中对 1 998年 1月 1日到 8月 31日共 2 4 3d的南海季风试验再分析资料的地面感热场和潜热场进行 EOF分析 ,由感热的第一特征向量场发现 ,中南半岛地区、青藏高原的东北部和印度半岛的大部分是感热通量大值区 ,而海洋上是小值区 ,海陆热力差异十分明显 ,这种海陆感热对比是促使季风爆发的大背景。由感热的时间经度演变图可以看出 ,中南半岛所在经度范围内南北连续的感热分布对南海季风的早爆发具有重要作用。由温度平流项的分布可发现 ,中南半岛的加热作用明显早于青藏高原地区 ,使得中南半岛对南海季风的早期爆发有重要作用 ,而青藏高原对于南海季风的维持具有重要意义。由于印度半岛与中南半岛的海陆分布的差异 ,使得两个地区的温度平流项也有所不同     

穿越雷州半岛时地形对热带气旋特性的影响

通过对1949～1993年共计29个穿越雷州半岛台风及热带风暴特性变化进行的分析，得出:台风及热带风暴强度（Vmax）一般在登陆前6小时开始明显减弱；台风过岛后强度平均下降24%，热带风暴强度平均下降33%。热带风暴8级大风圈范围的缩小亦较台风为大；半岛对台风和热带风暴移向的影响，台风受影响较早；不论对台风或热带风暴，穿岛前、后均未出现路径明显南折现象。     

南极菲尔德斯半岛湖泊沉积物的稀土地球化学

本文研究了燕鸥湖、西湖和基太湖湖泊沉积物的稀土地球化学。这些湖泊沉积物的稀土分布模式与菲尔德斯半岛第三纪火山岩非常相似，它们的物质来源是菲尔德斯半岛岛弧火山岩。湖泊沉积相与冰碛层稀土模式的差异，反映了它们经历的化学风化程度不同、粘土含量不同。Ｃｅ异常意味着每个湖泊沉积旋回结束的阶段气候是比较干燥的。湖泊沉积物的稀土含量和分布模式变化小，也意味着在中晚更新世时气候是比较干燥的。     

辽宁砖庙矿区硼矿床硬石膏的发现及成因讨论

在对辽宁砖庙矿区硼矿床的矿物学研究中发现了硬石膏。该矿物产于硼矿体中，与遂安石、菱镁矿、镁橄榄石、袁复礼石、硼铝镁石等共生。通过矿物学研究和稀土元素、硫同位素的分析表明，由于硬石膏是蒸发沉积变质成因的，所以硼矿床也应是蒸发沉积变质成因的     

辽东海岸带黄土

本文论述了辽东海岸带黄土的成因,它主要由低空气流搬运的近源物质组成,其次为高空气流携带的内陆远源物质,主要物源地是辽东湾。冰期时,海平面下降,辽东湾干口渤海裸露成陆而发生沙漠化,海底沉积物经强劲的西北风作用,被搬运到东侧海岸带沉降下来,与大气环流系统自内陆携带而至的风尘物质混合在一起,形成海岸带黄土。