天龙山旅游开发对植被的影响

以天龙山为例,采用敏感水平、群落景凤重要值、物种多样性信息指数、旅游影响系数和伴人植物比例５项指标,对区植被与旅游的关系进行了分析。结果表明：敏感水平与群落景观重要值和信息指数基本上成反比关系;旅游影响系数与伴人植物比例大小成正比,客观揭示了旅游对西影响的规律性。利用这一方法评价旅游对植被的影响,具有可行性。     

广州市内环路对城市环境影响评价

对广州市内环路工程进行分析,以内环路沿线地区为重点研究区域,根据内环路高架桥的设计与内环路沿线生态景观现状,从城市整体景观与生态角度出发,对内环路对广州市城市生态景观影响作出评价。认为广州市内环路工程对广州市城市生态景观影响有：1．内环路建设塑造了广州市中心区城市新景观;2．破坏局部地段现有的视觉景观及生态环境;3．由于高架路对阳光的遮蔽作用,日照环境质量总体水平比内环路时下降,改变了沿线植物生态系统结构。     

利用GPS计算TEC的方法及其对电离层扰动的观测

在总结用ＧＰＳ研究电离层电子总量ＴＥＣ的数据处理方法基础上,分析了利用伪距观测量和载波相位观测量计算电离层ＴＥＣ的特点及误差来源．在处理过程中考虑了卫星的硬件延迟偏差,分析了应用ＩＲＩ模型进行接收机硬件延迟偏差修正的可能性,发现利用少量ＧＰＳ数据和ＩＲＩ模型修正接收机硬件延迟偏差有一定的困难．最后,利用一些ＧＰＳ观测数据有针对性地研究了电离层对若干次扰动事件的响应．包括一次大的太阳耀斑期间的电离层ＴＥＣ变化、一次较典型的电离层行扰以及日食期间的电离层ＴＥＣ的相对变化等电离层物理问题．结果表明,利用该方法计算ＴＥＣ的精度可满足电离层扰动现象的研究．     

1954年山丹地震破裂带初步考证

计算和分析了云南地区 5次ML ≥ 6 .5强震前的应变扰动εi 值 .结果表明 ,地震前 5 ～ 8年 ,归一化为 4级的地震的εi出现明显的高值异常 ;未来震中区域εi值变小 ,周围地区增大 ,形成空区 ;εi 值有由零星分布逐渐向震中区收缩、集中并增强的趋势 .     

梅山龙宫景观资源及其照明设计

本文通过对梅山龙宫地下河洞穴系统空间、水体、次生化学沉积物的调查,揭示了该洞穴“险、幽、秀、奇”的景观资源特征。针对游览洞穴开发应遵循的原则,提出了洞穴的照明设计应遵循“自然、艺术、协调、安全、特色”基本原则,并论述了洞穴照明设计理念,即景区设计理念在于使洞穴空间得到艺术性体现,景点设计在于对景点形态进行艺术造型。此外,该文还论述了运用照明技法在梅山龙宫中的应用。      

生态系统退化的动力学解释及其定量表达探讨

从生态力学角度对生态系统退化进行了初步探讨。文中认为,生态系统是一个具有三维空间的物质实体,它和一般物体一样,也具有运动的特性。生态退化实际上是生态系统从高水平的稳定状态向低水平的失衡状态转化的一种运动形式。任何生态系统都具有一定的生态质量和生态惯性,当生态系统遭受到自然和人为干扰的合力大于生态系统的内在生态阻抗力时,生态系统势必发生运动或"位移"。文中定义了生态质量指数、自然干扰指数、人类活动强度指数和生态退化潜势指数,以定量描述区域生态系统退化的潜势。     

湿地景观变化过程与累积环境效应研究进展

湿地在流域中处于水陆交错的特殊过渡区域,是地表重要的景观覆盖类型和生态系统。湿地具有独特的水文、土壤和植被特征,在维护区域/流域生态平衡和环境稳定方面发挥巨大作用。湿地景观变化过程主要表现为景观格局和过程在时间和空间尺度上的相互作用过程。该过程对系统的能量流动、物质循环以及物种迁移产生作用,对地理环境也产生巨大环境效应。湿地景观变化与土地利用/覆盖变化紧密相关,与人类活动影响息息相联。至今,人类已把天然的湿地景观格局改变为受人类支配的土地利用格局。自然湿地景观格局的变化过程对湿地生态系统以及其他系统的生物多样性、初级生产力产生显著影响,对局地、区域及全球气候环境、水文环境、生物多样性等方面产生显著而深刻的影响。湿地景观变化是全球变化研究的重要内容,尤其对认识全球气候变化、土地利用/覆盖变化和生物多样性变化的区域响应具有重大意义。     

A framework for assessing flow regime alterations resulting from the effects of climate change and human disturbance

Flow regimes have been severely altered by climate change and human activities in recent decades, which has led to ecological degradation in rivers. This study proposes an analogy analysis-based framework, coupled with the Pettitt test, the indicators of hydrological alteration and the range of variation approach, which were used to distinguish the different effects. This framework was applied to the Sha River, a typical river in North China, to test its effectiveness. The results show that: (i) human disturbance had larger effects on pre-flood flow magnitude, the timing, frequency and duration of high and low pulse, and the flow change rate; (ii) climate change mainly influences the magnitude of flood and post-flood flows, and of extreme events; and (iii) the probability of high alteration from the target frequency increased by 69.7% due to the combined impacts. These results can provide valuable references for water resource and aquatic ecosystem management.     

Changes in the radial growth of trees in relation to biogeomorphic processes in an old-growth forest on flysch,Czechia

Tree radial growth is influenced by individual tree abilities, climate, competition, disturbance regimes, as well as biogeomorphic processes – including biomechanical interactions between trees and soil. Trees are actively involved in hillslope dynamics, both responding to and affecting many (bio)geomorphic processes. Using dendrochronology, we studied feedbacks associated with tree–soil–landscape formation, specifically relationships between hillslope processes, biomechanical effects of trees in soils, tree microhabitat conditions and their morphological adaptations, in the flysch zone of the Carpathians. We visually evaluated stem shape, microhabitat conditions and the biomechanical effects of 1663 trees. Cores were taken in four growing directions from 224 individuals of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). In a set of 193 cross-dated beeches, average tree-ring widths and tree eccentricities in all directions were calculated and analysed in relation to the biogeomorphic impacts of trees. Some significant drivers of tree radial growth and sources of stem eccentricity were detected. The radial growth of trees on which deadwood was leaning was markedly limited. In contrast, trees with exposed roots expressed the highest growth rates. This clearly suggests that root exposure may not be an effect of ‘exogenous’ soil creep, but may rather result from individually intensifying tree growth due to fine-scale disturbance dynamics. The response of biomechanical tree–soil interactions in tree radial growth weakened with increasing stem diameter, reflecting the stabilizing role of larger trees. The significance of calendar year on radial growth suggests seasonality in the dynamic component of soil creep. Tree eccentricity was observed mainly in the downslope direction, which suggests a relatively complex effect of biomechanics on stem tilting. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

近50年来洪湖鱼类群落分类学多样性变动

基于洪湖1959-2004年鱼类群落状况的调查研究,应用分类学多样性指数分析洪湖鱼类群落分类学多样性的变动.结果显示:受江湖阻隔及人为干扰加剧等因素影响,洪湖鱼类种、属的数目在1981年表现出下降的趋势,科以上的分类阶元的数目则在1993年之后明显减少.对洪湖鱼类组成进行NMDS排序,1959、1964和1981年的鱼类群落组成较为类似,1993和2004年的群落组成则发生了较大的变化.随着时间推移,分类差异性指数Δ~+表现出先上升后下降的趋势,而变异分类差异性指数Λ~+则表现出先下降后上升的趋势,表明随着人为干扰的增加,洪湖鱼类群落的分类学进化树的平均路径长度和均匀度发生了不同程度的变化.零假设模型显示,5个时期的Δ~+值都位于置信区间内,而1993和2004年的Λ~+值却位于置信区间的上方,显示分类学进化树的均匀度显著下降.Δ~+和Λ~+值的变化提供了与物种数变化所蕴含的不同信息,在多样性评价研究中可以作为经典多样性指数的补充.洪湖鱼类Λ~+值随干扰程度的加剧而增加,表明这一指数在多样性保护和评价中具有良好的应用价值.