龙岩龙崆洞岩溶地质特征及景点成因浅析

闽西龙岩龙崆洞风景区地下岩溶发育，6层水平溶洞与竖洞、斜洞纵横相接，总面积5．4×104m2。景区有大小景点百余处，其成因以碳酸盐岩岩溶为主，兼有花岗岩山岳地貌及动植物景观。     

福建宁化天鹅洞石笋年代和古温度

石笋的实测年龄和δ18Ｏ的变化同深海岩芯Ｖ２８-２３８对比相吻合，大于２５万年前生长，１．８万年后停止，属中更新世产物，该区和全球古气候变化同步。同台湾海峡、中国南海古环境相同。δ13Ｃ的变化在δ13Ｏ７-６、５-４、３-２段界期有明显的不同，对温度变化和年代划分亦有参考价值。     

The record of paleoclimatic change from stalagmites and the determination of termination II in the south of Guizhou Province,China

A high-resolution climate record from 163.00 kaBP to 113.80 kaBP has been obtained through TIMS-U series dating and carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of the three large stalagmites from two caves in the south of Guizhou Province, China. The record of the oxygen isotopes from the stalagmites reveals that the undulation characteristics between the cooling event of the glacial period and the warming event of the interglacial period in the research area can compare well to those of ice cores, lake sediments, loess and deep sea sediments on the scale of ten-thousand years or millennium time scale. The climate undulation provided by the record of the stalagmites has a coherence with the global changes and a tele-connection to the paleoclimate changes in the north polar region. Our results suggest that the direct dynamics of paleo-monsoon circulation changes reflected in the record of the stalagmites might be caused by changes of the global ice volume, and in turn related to various factors, including the solar radiation strength at the mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, the southern extension of the ice-rafted event in the North Atlantic, and changes of the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature at the low-latitudes. Using °¹⁸O values, we have calculated the temperatures and the results show that the temperature difference between the penultimate glacial period (with an average temperature of 8.1°C, and a minimum temperature range from 0.65°C to-1.43°C at stage 6) and the last interglacial period (with an average temperature of 18.24°C at sub-stage 5e) was about 10°C. This temperature difference from the record of the stalagmites corresponds in general to the record temperature variation (about 10°C) of measured ice cores. The climate records from the three stalagmites in the two caves have shown that the circulation strength of the Asian summer monsoon and the winter monsoon in the penultimate glacial period and the last inter-glacial period had a clear change. With the TIMS-U series method, termination II of the penultimate glacial period has been precisely dated at an age of (129.28± 1.10) kaBP for the three stalagmites in the south of Guizhou Province, China. This borderline age represents the beginning of the last interglacial period or the boundary between the Middle Pleistocene and the Late Pleistocene, and corresponds to the beginning age of the last interglacial period shown by the ice cores and in the SPECMAP curve of the marine oxygen isotopes. The chronology determination of termination II is not only of stratigraphic and chronological significance, but also lays an important foundation for discussing the short time scales of climate oscillation and rapidly changing events of paleoclimate in the circulation region of the East Asian monsoon.     

北京猿人洞穴堆积气候地层的重新划分与对比

周口店第一地点洞穴四十余米厚的堆积层自下而上共分为 17层 ,新近测量的年代推前了近 2 0 0 ka。对堆积层所含哺乳动物化石和孢粉资料进行聚类统计和因子分析 ,结合风化系数和微量元素含量等古气候代用指标 ,重新定量地描绘它所记录的古气候波动旋回。根据第 2层 TIMS测年为 410 ka B.P.,第 14层上部是磁性地层测量的B/ M界线 ,可以将该洞穴堆积层 1— 14层对比于深海岩心 δ1 8O气候曲线的 11— 19段或中国黄土—古土壤序列S4— S7,并且古气候旋回内的次级波动也可进行一定程度的对比。     

云南喀斯特洞穴型旅游目的地生命周期调控机制研究

喀斯特洞穴是一种特殊的旅游资源，具有地域上的普遍性、共性大，独特性小、空间竞争替代性强、开发后资源本身变化大等方面的特征。同时，喀斯特洞穴又具有特殊的旅游生命周期，往往没有探查阶段和参与阶段，直接进入发展阶段。因此，以Butler旅游地生命周期理论为支撑，通过实地调查，对喀斯特洞穴型旅游目的地的生命周期进行详细研究，并结合典型案例分析，编制喀斯特洞穴旅游地生命周期曲线，分析影响曲线的因子，提出调控喀斯特洞穴旅游地生命周期的途径和方法，将对喀斯特洞穴型旅游目的地的开发具有重要的指导意义。     

A quick cooling event of the East Asian monsoon responding to Heinrich Event 1: Evidence from stalagmite δ18O records

Based on TIMS U-series dating results and annual band counting method, an annual-resolution time scale from 17450 to 14420 aBP has been established for a stalagmite from the Hulu Cave at Tangshan, Nanjing. A high-resolution oxygen isotopic record reveals decadral-centural oscillations in air temperature in the East Asian monsoon climate area during the last glacial maximum. The most conspicuous feature in the oxygen isotopic record in the period is the particular cold event synchronized with the last Heinrich event (H1) in the northern Atlantic deep-sea records. This particular cold event, beginning at 16140 ( 100 aBP, shows a rapid cooling down with a magnitude of 7-8℃ in air temperature within 36 years. Furthermore, (6)18O record demonstrates that the event lasted 790 years with gradually warming tendency (10 cycles of air temperature oscillations) after the remarkable cooling down. We believed that this unique pattern of event recorded in the stalagmite ? 8O might be controlled by various factors including changes of insolation at mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere, the southern extend of the last ice-rafted event in the North Atlantic and changes of the Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature.     

湖北清江榨洞石笋中可溶硅的测定及其古气候意义研究

洞穴石笋蕴含着丰富的古气候信息，其正确解译有赖于各类古气候替代指标的开发，应用改进的硅钼兰分光光度法测定湖北清江榨洞石笋中痕量可溶硅，探讨其古气候指示意义。结果表明，石笋中可溶硅含量记录了岩溶地下水的硅酸组成，后进反映了气候控制下土壤的化学风化作用。因而，石笋可溶硅是一个潜在的古气候（特别是古湿度）替代指标。     

洞穴石笋沉积间断类型研究

以广西桂林,贵州荔波、茂兰、都匀凯口及云南宣威、泸沽湖等地典型岩溶峰丛-峰林平原、岩溶斜坡和岩溶高原的大量大型石笋纵剖面研究为基础,依据石笋沉积旋回或纹层组的系统测年数据和碳氧同位素系统测试资料,确定石笋沉积间断面上、下的年龄,若以上、下纹层结构构造差异大、构造类型不同、结构构造突变或有间断沉积特征为前提,将上、下纹层的年龄差作为沉积间断时间:差值大,间断时间长,其间若有间歇性停、滴转变,则沉积纹层的测年值是此时段的正常年序;差值小,间断时间短;差值很小,又无宏观异常,为正常的连续沉积。本文从石笋沉积间断标志,间断面上、下的年代异常,间断类型和古气候环境意义,论述石笋沉积间断,阐明石笋纵剖面有丰富的古气候环境信息,是全球气候变化研究的重要领域之一。此外,根据石笋纹层的宏观、微观资料和测年统计,提出了年季和年际的短期性、10年际—万年际的长期性、瞬时性间断类型的分类方案,短期停滴,是常态气候条件下,年旱季或年际干旱停滴,形成年际和季节性沉积间断;长期停滴,是气候环境冷暖周期性变化,略呈小周期的干冷气候间歇性停、滴相间的演变,形成10年际—万年际沉积间断;瞬时性停滴,指地震、掉顶、坍塌等天然或人为事故,碰断石笋,引起瞬时或短暂停滴,形成灾害性沉积间断     

晚更新世东亚季风气候不稳定性的洞穴石笋同位素证据

据南京汤山葫芦洞石笋的23个热电离质谱测年结果和分辨率达100-200a的氧、碳稳定同位素测试数据，讨论了75-35kaBP期间东亚季风气候的高频振荡特征。石笋氧同位素值的波动范围介于-9.165‰～5.456‰之间，相邻峰谷的变幅可达2‰～3‰，由其构成的16个气候不稳定性事件与格陵兰冰心δ^18o记录中IS8-IS20和北大西洋冰漂碎屑事件H4-H6有良好的对比关系，揭示了东亚季风气候变化与高纬极地大气温度变化存在着动力机制上的联系。石笋碳同位素记录呈现类似于δ^18O记录的高频振荡形式，反映了洞穴了覆植被类型对存在着动力机制上的联系。石笋碳同位素记录呈现类似于δ^18O记录的高频振荡形式，反映了洞穴上覆植被类型对气候变化的快速响应。石笋稳定同位素曲线上72ka BP左右的快速降温事件与印度尼西亚Toba火山喷发事件基本一致。有可能说明是更新世全球气候事件的发生并非单一源于北大西洋深层水体的变化。     

人类牙齿表面痕迹与人类生存适应及行为特征——湖北郧西黄龙洞更新世晚期人类牙齿使用痕迹

人类为获取食物和满足其他需求而使用牙齿从事的各类非咀嚼性活动在牙齿表面形成使用痕迹。牙齿使用痕迹与古人类的行为特征关系密切,记录了丰富的古人类生存环境、食物构成、获取食物的方式、行为模式及生活习俗等方面的信息。对黄龙洞更新世晚期人类牙齿的观察发现:黄龙洞人类前部牙齿表面具有釉质破损与崩裂、齿冠唇面破损、齿间邻接面沟3种类型的使用痕迹。根据这些牙齿使用痕迹的分布和表现特点,推测生活在黄龙洞的更新世晚期人类经常使用前部牙齿从事啃咬、叼衔、或剥离坚韧的食物或非食物物品等活动,并可能将前部牙齿作为工具使用;齿间邻接面沟提示当时人类经常从事剔牙活动。结合已经在黄龙洞发现的其他人类活动证据,我们认为当时人类可能从事狩猎活动,食物构成中包含有较多的肉类及粗纤维植物。