马关八梅喷流沉积铅锌锡铜金多金属矿床

矿床产于中寒武田蓬组地层中,受地层、沉积岩相、变质岩相控制。围岩蚀变为黄铁矿化、锰矿化、碳酸盐化、硅化。矿床成因为海底含矿热卤水喷流沉积型。     

Impacts of seawater desalination on the giant Australian cuttlefish Sepia apama in the upper Spencer Gulf, South Australia

With seawater desalination expanding rapidly, it is important that ecological studies are undertaken to determine the effects of brine discharge on the marine species in the area. The abundance of giant Australian cuttlefish (Sepia apama, Gray 1849) eggs and environmental data were recorded at nine sites near Point Lowly, Spencer Gulf, South Australia, an area where the largest desalination plant in the Southern hemisphere is proposed. In addition, the effects of different concentrations of desalination brine on the growth, survival and condition of cuttlefish embryos were investigated. The primary egg-laying sites for the cuttlefish were in the vicinity of Stony Point (sites 4 and 3) and the area with the least egg abundance was on the eastern and western areas around Point Lowly (sites 9 and 7) where no eggs were found. The survival of embryos decreased with an increase in salinity, with no embryos surviving to full term in salinities greater than 50‰. Mean weight and mantle length also decreased with increasing salinity. Besides elevated salinity, the brine also had increased concentrations of Ba, Ca, K, Sr and Mg relative to water near Point Lowly. Brine discharge from seawater desalination poses a potential threat to the unique spawning aggregation of the giant Australian cuttlefish, in the upper Spencer Gulf, South Australia.     

The use of bromide and chloride mass ratios to differentiate salt-dissolution and formation brines in shallow groundwaters of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin

In the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, the petroleum industry handles two geochemically distinctive brines that are traceable in the environment: formation brines extracted along with hydrocarbons from the basin, and salt-dissolution brines, produced by dissolving deep halite formations to create caverns for petroleum product storage. The concentrations of the conservative ions chloride (Cl) and bromide (Br) in many formation brines plot closely to the seawater evaporation trajectory of previous studies. These brines contain Cl/Br mass ratios of around 300, while salt-dissolution brines are relatively Br depleted, having Cl/Br mass ratios in excess of 20,000. An oilfield site in central Alberta had experienced nearby releases of both salt-dissolution and formation brines. Geochemical mixing trends were defined by theoretically mixing samples of local salt-dissolution and formation brine sources with background shallow groundwater. Most site monitoring wells and local surface water samples plotted directly on a salt-dissolution brine dilution trend, while results from four monitoring wells, all located directly downgradient of formation brine spills, suggested the mixing of formation brines into shallow groundwater. This work indicates that there is a large-scale salt-dissolution brine plume beneath the site and reinforces the use of Cl and Br concentrations and mass ratios as environmental tracers.     

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区卤水资源开采潜力评价

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区卤水资源较为丰富,历经几十年的集中开采后,已出现卤水开采水位下降、卤度及有益离子含量下降等问题,该文在核算研究区卤水资源量的基础上,结合开发利用现状进行了开采潜力评价,以期为当地卤水资源开采规划提供科学依据。     

富宁那坪金矿成因及找矿标志

那坪金矿位于区域磁性较弱或强、弱磁性过渡地带及重力高异常边部。矿体产于中泥盆统坡折落组(D2p)与印支期辉绿岩体内、外接触带及其附近的构造破碎带中,脉状,构造角砾岩型氧化金矿石。主要控矿因素为北西向组断裂,以及印支期钛辉辉长辉绿岩体。     

The relative importance of buffering and brine inputs in controlling the abundance of Na and Ca in sedimentary formation waters

The concentration of Ca in the formation waters of petroleum reservoirs can play a major role in influencing the outcome of a number of processes that are of great significance to the oil industry. For example, formation water Ca concentration affects the risk of carbonate scale formation during production. In order to better understand the concentrations of Ca in formation waters, we have investigated the chemistries of formation waters from a range of onshore and offshore basins worldwide, using published sources, as well as unpublished data held by BP. Although calcium and sodium are the principal cations in almost all formation waters they vary enormously in their relative proportions. We have identified three distinct trends on a plot of X_Ca (Ca/(Na + Ca)) against Cl. Most data lie on a high-Ca trend, here termed Trend 1, and show an increase in X_Ca with salinity. We interpret this as tracking equilibration with Ca and Na-bearing minerals, with the ratio (mol Ca/mol Na²) remaining approximately constant irrespective of salinity for chloride-dominated fluids. At very high salinities, Br-enriched bittern brines that have taken part in dolomitisation lie at the Cl-rich end of this trend. Some brines remain Na-dominated up to very high salinities and define a distinct low-Ca trend, Trend 2. These are associated with dissolution of halite beds and are interpreted to arise when the amount of Na in the pore fluid greatly exceeds the amount of Ca available in minerals. We refer to such brines as mass-limited; the sparsity of Ca in the rock-fluid system constrains X_Ca to a low value. Remarkably few brines lie between these trends. Finally, dilute formation waters show very large variations in X_Ca and may have bicarbonate as the dominant anion. They define a distinct low-Cl trend, Trend 3. We conclude that the behaviour of Na and Ca in most formation waters reflects equilibration with minerals, and concentrations of Ca in solution are sensitive to pH and P_CO2 as well as to chloride concentration. For some brines however, the amount of salts in solution is sufficient to overwhelm the buffering capacity of the wallrocks.     

盐场卤水成色原因分析及脱色方法研究

以天津汉沽盐场高镁卤水为研究对象,对其杂质形式、成色原因进行了系统分析。研究表明,卤水中的成色物质主要是大量的饱和脂类、羧酸类、醇醚类、胺类及不饱和的芳烃类、醛酮类、烯烃类等有机物质,经过氧化氢氧化-氢氧化锆吸附联合脱色工艺后,卤水色度及CODCr去除率分别可达99%和85%,镁离子的损失率可控制在1%以下,吸附剂氢氧化锆经脱附再生后可循环使用,大大降低了工艺运行成本。     

The tempo-spatial characteristics and forming mechanism of Lithium-rich brines in China

With the technological development of exploitation and separation, the primary sources of lithium have gradually changed from ore to brine, which has become the main raw material, accounting for more than 80% of the total production. Resources of lithium-bearing brine are abundant in China. This paper has summarized the spatial and temporal distribution, characteristics, and formation mechanism of the lithium-rich brine in China, aiming to provide a comprehensive set of guidelines for future lithium exploitation from brines. Lithium-rich brines usually exist in modern saline lakes and deep underground sedimentary rocks as subsurface brines. The metallogenic epoch of China’s lithium-rich brine spans from the Triassic to the Quaternary, and these brines exhibit obvious regional distribution characteristics. Modern lithium-rich saline lakes are predominately located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In comparison, the subsurface lithium-rich brines are mainly distributed in the sedimentary basins of Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi provinces and so on in south Block of China, and some are in the western part of the Qaidam Basin in Qinghai province in northwestern China. Lithium-rich saline lakes are belonging to chloride-enriched, sulfate-enriched, and carbonate-enriched, while the deep lithium-rich brines are mainly chloride-enriched in classification. On the whole, the value of Mg/Li in deep brine is generally lower than that of brine in saline lakes. The genesis of lithium-rich brines in China is not uniform, generally there are two processes, which are respectively suitable for salt lakes and deep brine.     

Effect of saltwater intrusion on groundwater environment in Weihe River downstream,Shandong Province,China

Based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions along with dynamic changes of groundwater level, this paper analyzes the hydrodynamic characteristics of saltwater intrusion in the study area. According to monitoring data of groundwater quality, the distribution characteristics of macro component are analyzed, and then fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to evaluate the impact of saltwater intrusion on groundwater environment. Concerning the influence degree of groundwater environment, the study area is divided into brine area, seriously influenced area, moderately influenced zone, slightly influenced zone and uninfluenced zone. The results can offer references for prevention and control of saltwater intrusion as well as the protection of water resources.     

Possible role of brines in the darkening and flow-like features on the Martian polar dunes based on HiRISE images

This work identifies and describes features of the changing seasonal frost-covered surface of Mars based on HiRISE images, and analyses the possibility that ephemeral liquid brine formation produces them. Because some of these dark features show flow-like appearance, and salts on Mars are present, liquid brines might be also present, possibly accounting for the changing droplet-like features on the Phoenix lander.We observed in-situ darkening and movement of dark features (or movement of the darkening front) on seasonal frost-covered polar dunes. Darkening and brightening may happen within several meters from each other during local spring. Darkening always starts from the bottom and moves up, while brightening progresses from top and moves toward the bottom between the small dune ripples. Brightening occurs during the springtime warming on time scales of several days close to the sites of darkening; therefore, dark material falling from the air, and refreezing of bright ice on it, does not adequately explain the observations. Interpreting the observations as brine-related melting or refreezing also poses problems, but because brine may engulf salt grains or ice blocks, phase changes here could be influenced by factors other than temperature values, and could produce the observations.Analysis of absolute albedo changes indicates that the flow-like features are the darkest at their lower frontal end, sometimes darker than the dark spot from which they originate. A bright halo (white collar) also forms around these spots, possibly due to refreezing. Inside the observed larger spots an outer gray area surrounds the central darkest cores, which is about 10 cm lower than the surrounding bright CO₂ ice. At those places, most or all of the CO₂ ice deposited earlier has disappeared, and H₂O ice is present. Observations of dark flow features moving on the top of this H₂O rich layer suggest even if the flow features start as dry dune avalanches of rolling grains, their dark material heated by solar insolation is in contact with H₂O ice and may produce brines.