Comparing performance indicators to characterize the water supply to the demands of the Guadiana River basin (Spain)

ABSTRACT

Water indicators and indices are useful tools to assess river basin performance, that is, to measure whether the basin operates satisfactorily under a wide range of possible future demands and hydrological conditions. Spanish regulations assess the performance of water demands by using reliability indicators (RIs), established by law in 2008. This article raises the possibility of updating RIs by comparing them with sustainability indicators (SIs). SIs are widely used for the assessment of river basin performance and several policy scenarios. We applied a water allocation model to the Guadiana River basin in Spain to compare indicators under three scenarios. The study was framed within the science of socio-hydrology, combining the physical environment of a water system with its influence on social aspects. SIs gave better results than RIs when comparing future scenarios. We also propose the introduction of a vulnerability indicator into Spanish regulations.     

可持续发展指标体系及综合评价研究评述

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电子信息系统雷灾风险评估方法

灾害是一种风险,防治灾害就是管理并降低或者消除风险。需要正确认识和评估风险,对于雷电灾害来说就是开展雷电灾害风险评估,进而实施合理的雷电防护。因此,雷击风险评估是防雷设计工作之前的最重要的环节,为了全面、具体实施全方位的雷电防护提供客观、准确、科学的依据,本文针对电子信息系统雷电灾害的特点,在详细分析各种灾害成因的基础上,通过理论计算,提出了对雷电灾害进行风险评估的方法。     

甘肃代家庄铅锌矿床地球化学异常特征

代家庄铅锌矿床是通过区域化探异常查证工作,在西秦岭地区发现的SEDEX型铅锌矿床。本文根据代家庄矿区水系沉积物、土壤和岩石剖面测量结果,对Pb、Zn等成矿元素的分布特征和组合关系进行了分析,初步总结了代家庄铅锌矿床的地质和地球化学异常特征,归纳出该矿床的地球化学找矿标志,提出了找矿方向。     

金矿的地质地球化学找矿标志

地层和岩浆岩含金高丰度是金矿赋集的物质来源,断裂构造是容矿、储矿的空间。一般说来,金成矿物质越丰富,就越有利于形成大矿、富矿。以江西金矿找矿为例,阐述正确圈定金异常,合理布置探矿工程,获得找金成果新突破的实际意义。     

城市地震灾害风险评价方法研究

从危险性评价、易损性评价以及防灾减灾能力评价3个方面阐述了城市地震灾害风险评价内容.回顾了地震灾害风险评价研究进展,指出了现有评价方法的不足.提出了基于地震小区划的城市地震危险性评价方法、基于城市用地类型的城市地震易损性评价方法以及基于专家打分法的城市防震减灾能力评价方法.最后设计了城市地震灾害风险评价流程,并给出了城市地震灾害风险区划算法.     

城市小区规划对大气环境影响的评估研究

不同城市小区规划方案对大气环境的影响不同。本文在已建城市小区尺度气象和污染扩散模式的基础上,针对城市小区规划对气象及大气环境的影响,提出了一套以人为本的客观、科学、可操作的影响评估指标及方法,并以北京市某小区两种规划方案为例,具体评估了它们对气象及大气环境的不同影响。结果表明:由于第二种规划方案在小区中部有一条较宽的东西向道路,并且道路中绿化较多,这条道路是气流东西向流动的重要通道,道路附近风速较大、气温较低、污染较轻,并且对整个小区的气象和大气环境都有改善。由此可见,基于城市小区尺度模式,对城市小区规划对大气环境的影响进行评估是必要和可行的。本文提出的人体舒适度、行人舒适度、地面污染物浓度、最高建筑高度以下污染物浓度、建筑物表面污染物浓度及扩散能力等六项评估指标,并分别给予该6种指标的权重系数为0.2,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1及0.4,然后再加权平均的评估方法是合理可行的。     

Nonrenewable resources in economic, social, and environmental sustainability

This paper reviews the linkages among energy and mineral resources and economic, social, and environmental sustainability. Nonrenewable resources are shown to be integral components of sustainability, regardless of which paradigmatic definition of the concept is invoked. Potential measures of the degree to which nonrenewable resources contribute to or detract from sustainability are presented. We conclude that a set of such measures should be incorporated in the comprehensive framework of sustainability currently being developed by the Federal government. National scale indicators could be presented within the structure of the seven criteria from the Santiago Declaration, whereas a life cycle or materials flow approach could be used when sustainability of specific resources is at issue.     

新疆破坏性地震损失“盲估”方法

通过总结新疆近年来的震害预测研究成果和震害损失评估工作的实践,给出了震后损失快速评估方法－“盲估”方法。提出今后震灾评估的发展方向是建立震后趋势快速判定计算机管理系统。     

GY-15型全液压动力头工程钻机的研制

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