青海都兰盐沼区地震采集关键技术研究

都兰盐沼区地表覆盖大量盐池、盐湖,近地表结晶互层多而厚,呈现速度反转现象,致使地震资料品质不高。笔者通过对都兰地区近地表介质地震响应特征的深入分析,重点对结晶互层和串珠孔穴进行模拟分析,应用实际地震资料验证了近地表结晶互层的吸收衰减规律。对该区近地表分层、井深设计以及观测系统变观优化技术进行了深入的探讨,取得了相应的采集技术系列,并在实际采集应用中取得了很好的效果,成功地解决了都兰盐沼区地震采集难题。     

Observations and analyses of floc size and floc settling velocity in coastal salt marsh of Luoyuan Bay, Fujian Province, China

In coastal environments, fine-grain sediments often aggregate into large and porous flocs. ElectroMagnetic Current Meters (EMCM) and Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST-ST) have been deployed within a Spartina alterniflora marsh of the Luoyuan Bay in Fujian Province, China, to measure the current velocity, the floc size and the settling velocity between 15 and 22 January 2008. During the observations, the near-bed water was collected in order to obtain the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and constituent grain size. Data show that: (1) the nearbed current velocities vary from 0.1 to 5.6 cm/s in the central Spartina alterniflora marsh and 0.1–12.5 cm/s at the edge; (2) the SSCs vary from 47 to 188 mg/dm 3 . The mean grain size of constituent grains varies from 7.0 to 9.6 μm, and the mean floc sizes (MFS) vary from 30.4 to 69.4 μm. The relationship between the mean floc size and settling velocity can be described as: w s =ad b , in which w s is the floc settling velocity (mm/s), a and b are coefficients. The floc settling velocity varies from 0.17 to 0.32 mm/s, with a mean value of 0.26 mm/s, and the floc settling velocity during the flood tide is higher than that during the ebb tide. The current velocity and the SSC are the main factors controlling the flocculation processes and the floc settling velocity.     

滨海湿地典型耐盐植物盐地碱蓬的HPLC化学指纹图谱

建立药用耐盐植物盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)的HPLC指纹图谱。运用DAD-Agilent 1100高效液相色谱仪,色谱条件:Agilent Zorbax XDB C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm;5.0μm)色谱柱,1.0 mL.min-1流速,320 nm检测波长,360 nm参比波长,10μL进样量,30℃柱温,乙腈(A)-0.1%磷酸水(B)梯度洗脱。建立了盐地碱蓬的HPLC指纹图谱,包含16个共有峰,指纹图谱特征明显,化学信息完整。方法的系统适应性测定结果符合指纹图谱的技术规范。结论:首次建立的盐地碱蓬HPLC参考指纹图谱可用于盐地碱蓬的快速真伪鉴别。     

我国主要内生铁矿碱交代机理探讨

Alkali-metasomatism and/or alkali-metasomatites are commonly recognized in different types of endogenic iron deposit,especially in the contact-metasomatic and porphyrite types in China.Alkali-metasomatites occur at the bottom of the mineralized alteration zone,in the marginal facies of the metallogenetic magmatic masses adiacent to iron ore bodies.They are approximately consistent with the attitudes of the ore bodies.As a result of alkali-metasomatism,great changes have taken place in the source rocks,producing distinet alteration zones with the color becoming lighter and lighter upwards and outwards.The alkali-metesomatic solntion is a kind of pneumato-hydrothermal solution rich in Cl,Si and alkalis.Its main components are alkalis and volatiles(dominantly H2O and Cl).The alkalis are closely related to magmatie source and its subsequent differentiation,while H2O is derived mainly from meteoric waters absorbed by the magma and Cl mainly from magma-mesitized gypsum-salt strata(including ground brines).In essence,alkali-metasomatism is the continuation of magmatic evolution and also an auto-metamorphism within the metallogenetic masses,i.e.,a complex ion-exchange reaction under certain physico-chemical conditions.The whole process of alkali-metasomatism can generally be divided into the Na^ -,Ca^2 -and Na^ -replacement stages.In the Ca^2 -replacement stage iron was largely separated from the source rocks.Alkali-metasomatism and the formation of iron ore deposits are two different forms of expression with respect to the same magmatic process,and both are controlled by and genetically related to magmatism,as is indicated by the facts that some of the oreforming materials are products of the de-iron process during alkali-metasomatism and that alkalis and volatiles have played an active role in the formation of iron and differential fusion of silicate melt.     

潮上带盐沼地层盐分分布及形成机制

为了探究潮上带盐沼系统地层盐分分布规律及其形成机制,本研究以江苏盐城近岸盐沼湿地为例,采用电阻率测量和土壤样品分析的方法,得出土壤孔隙水盐度空间分布,并分析其与生态地貌类型的关系。结果表明,盐沼平台10 m深度以下地下水盐分较高且空间分布均匀,5 m深度以上浅层孔隙水存在显著淡化,其程度与条带状生态地貌特征相关;近潮沟区域浅层土壤孔隙水盐度接近海水,而螃蟹孔洞和互花米草区域下方地层均存在低盐区,且前者规模更大;短期潮汐过程仅影响近潮沟区域的局部地层盐分,螃蟹孔洞明显促进了降水的下渗和脱盐作用,并有助于地表蒸发和盐分集结,增大了浅层土壤水盐度的垂向差异,而植被生长引起的根系优势流和蒸发抑制作用,有效降低了表层土壤的盐度水平。     

冈底斯中段碱长花岗岩锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素特征及地质意义

本文对冈底斯岩浆带中段谢通门塔玛地区碱长花岗岩进行了原位LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和LA-MCICP-MS锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析。研究结果表明,采自该岩体不同部位的两件锆石U-Pb同位素加权平均年龄分别为(40.02±0.39)Ma和(40.65±0.32)Ma,具有几乎一致的地质年龄,即碱长花岗岩侵位结晶年龄为40 Ma左右。LA-MCICP-MS锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究显示,176Hf/177Hf比值在0.282633~0.282878,平均值为0.282765,计算所得的εHf(t)值介于-4.08~4.15,平均值为0.28,峰值在-1~+1之间;TDMC模式年龄在822~1373 Ma,平均值为1075 Ma,峰值年龄为1000~1200 Ma。其次,样品的εHf(t)值具有正负相间的特点,εHf(t)也相对较小,为典型的壳幔混染型,岩浆源区主要以古老地壳的熔融为主。综合研究表明,谢通门塔玛地区碱长花岗岩主要是由新特斯洋板片的断离,致使软流圈地幔上涌,引起拉萨地体地壳物质的熔融、再循环而形成的,在这个过程中有部分幔源物质的加入。     

甘肃金塔县碱凹井岩体岩石地球化学特征及构造环境分析

甘肃金塔县东北的张家疙瘩一带发育大量侵入岩体,碱凹井岩体出露规模较大,侵入蓟县系平头山组,北东局部侵入石炭系干泉组,岩性主要为二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩。岩石组合类型和岩石地球化学研究表明,碱凹井岩体SiO2含量71.59%~75.86%,平均74.06%,Na2O含量3.73%~4.10%,K2O含量4.55%~4.76%,铝饱和指数A/CNK=1.04~1.20,稀土元素总量为79.95×l0-6~201.65×l0-6,(La/Yb)N=1.05~2.24,球粒陨石标准化分布模式图总体呈略微右倾的V字型,具相对平缓的富集轻稀土元素稀土分布模式。重稀土元素分馏不明显且相对亏损,Eu具明显负异常,δEu=0.07~0.36。在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,亏损Ba,Nb,Sr,Ti,富集Rb,Th,K。结合区域地质背景认为,该岩体形成于后碰撞伸展作用阶段,可能源于幔源岩浆底侵,导致上覆年轻地壳(可能为洋壳和岛弧建造组成)部分熔融,并发生了较强的结晶分异作用。     

甘肃省龙首山地区芨岭铀矿区蚀变特征分析

文章重点对龙首山芨岭铀矿区近矿围岩蚀变特征、分带特征以及蚀变期次进行研究,蚀变大致可分为高温钾钠混合交代阶段、区域性钾交代阶段、中低温热液钠钙交代阶段、矿化期钠交代阶段,其中与成矿关系密切的是矿化期钠交代阶段。通过对新水井铀矿床各中段的系统取样分析表明:与正常花岗岩相比钠交代蚀变岩的Cu、Pb、Ni、Sn、V、Zr、As等微量元素含量显著增加,而W、Rb的含量明显减少;钠交代蚀变岩随着埋深增大其Na2O、SiO2、Al2O3含量减小。Fe2O3、FeO、CaO含量增加;钠交代蚀变岩具有的碱性(A型)花岗岩型稀土分配型式、富集型(La/Sm)N特点、明显的Eu亏损和重稀土显著增加等特征。     

黄河口潮滩盐沼沉积强度对碱蓬残体分解及氮动态的影响

2008年4月至2009年11月,基于野外原位分解实验,模拟研究了黄河口潮滩盐沼沉积强度对中潮滩碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)和低潮滩碱蓬残体分解及氮动态的可能影响。沿水盐梯度,设中潮滩和低潮滩2个分解小区,每个分解小区分别设无沉积(0 mm/a)、当前沉积增加(100 mm/a)和未来沉积增加(200 mm/a)3种固定沉积处理。结果表明,沉积强度对中潮滩和低潮滩碱蓬残体的分解具有一定影响,强沉积下残体的失重率和分解速率一般较高。当前或未来沉积增强后,二者残体的分解速率分别将增加138.10%~235.56%和8.89%~10.20%,95%分解时间分别将减少58.01%~70.24%和7.94%~9.13%。未来沉积增加处理下,中潮滩碱蓬残体的氮含量最大,其次为当前沉积增加处理下的氮含量,无沉积处理下的氮含量最小,3种处理下的氮含量无显著差异(p0.5);低潮滩碱蓬残体在未来和当前沉积增加处理下的氮含量相当,无沉积处理下的氮含量最小,3种处理下的氮含量无显著差异(p0.5)。当前或未来沉积增强后,中潮滩碱蓬残体在分解阶段将大多表现为氮累积特征,而低潮滩碱蓬残体将一直表现为较强氮释放特征,C/N对二者残体分解过程中氮养分的调控作用更为重要。研究发现,当不同沉积强度下潮滩环境养分状况不发生较大变化时,中潮滩和低潮滩碱蓬残体的相对分解速率可能取决于其基质质量;当养分状况发生较大改变时,其相对分解速率可能取决于分解环境的养分供给状况。     

Studies of community structure and seasonal dynamics of planktonic copepods in saline-alkaline ponds

Abstracts Species abundance and seasonal succession of copepods in saline-alkaline ponds were studied in Zhaodian Fish Farm, Gaoqing County, Shandong Province, from 5 April 1997 to 1 September 1998. The results indicated that in the conditions of salinity ranging from 1.36 to 20 g/L, total alkalinity changing from 2.4 to 7.2 mmol/L and pH 8-9, zooplankton in saline-alkaline ponds was composed of freshwater salt-tolerated species or halophile species, some of which are halobiont species and usually occurs in freshwater. In our study, copepods were predominant in many fish-culture ponds and all control ponds without fishes in spring, late autumn and early winter. Dominant species of copepods were Sinocalanus tenellus, Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops taihokuensis. The biomass of copepods in the control ponds without fishes was higher than that of the fish-culture ponds.