Study on financial loss and its adjustment in earthquake insurance

Introduction Earthquake often brings large catastrophe to the mankind, especially in recent years when a large number of destructive earthquakes occur in the whole globe, which have caused tremendous casualties and losses to the people. Obviously, it is not very reasonable to make up financial losses and carry out post-seismic reconstruction by the government only for such kind of huge earth- quake losses. Therefore, as an effective measure to raise fund and make up financial losses, earth- qu…     

江西省2007年1-6月自然灾害公报(摘录)

2007年1—6月,江西省自然灾害总体发生程度略轻于常年同期。受天气气候等因素的影响,全省自然灾害主要以暴雨洪涝、雷电、风雹、山体滑坡、泥石流为主,低温冻害和大雾等也有发生。全省先后遭遇5次强降雨袭击,呈现历时短、强度大、对流性强的特点,造成的损失较重。雷击灾害损失严重,死亡75人。     

地震灾害产业关联损失评估

对地震产业关联损失的研究现状进行了总结,对标准投入产出表的构成及内在关系进行了介绍,给出了以投入产出表为基础的地震灾害产业关联损失评估方法。     

云南地区房屋建筑的震害矩阵

自1992年4月23日云南孟连西中缅交界6.7、6.9级地震始,地震部门对云南地区的破坏性地震进行了现场灾害调查和经济损失评估。1992~2003年,云南地区共发生50次破坏性地震,积累了丰富的震害资料。本文根据云南地区的主要建筑结构,统计分析了50次地震不同烈度区的破坏比、损失比和震害指数,给出了房屋建筑的震害矩阵。     

Loss of energy dissipation capacity from the deadzone in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices

In a viscous damping device under cyclic loading, after the piston reaches a peak stroke, the reserve movement that follows may sometimes experience a short period of delayed or significantly reduced device force output. A similar delay or reduced device force output may also occur at the damper’s initial stroke as it moves away from its neutral position. This phenomenon is referred to as the effect of “deadzone”. The deadzone can cause a loss of energy dissipation capacity and less efficient vibration control. It is prominent in small amplitude vibrations. Although there are many potential causes of deadzone such as environmental factors, construction, material aging, and manufacture quality, in this paper, its general effect in linear and nonlinear viscous damping devices is analyzed. Based on classical dynamics and damping theory, a simple model is developed to capture the effect of deadzone in terms of the loss of energy dissipation capacity. The model provides several methods to estimate the loss of energy dissipation within the deadzone in linear and sublinear viscous fluid dampers. An empirical equation of loss of energy dissipation capacity versus deadzone size is formulated, and the equivalent reduction of effective damping in SDOF systems has been obtained. A laboratory experimental evaluation is carried out to verify the effect of deadzone and its numerical approximation. Based on the analysis, a modification is suggested to the corresponding formulas in FEMA 356 for calculation of equivalent damping if a deadzone is to be considered.     

基于遥感和GIS的建筑物震害损失评估方法研究与实现

介绍了一种使用遥感技术进行震后损失快速评估的方法,评估流程包括震害提取和损失评估两个部分。评估方式根据需求可以分为基于震害指数的评估和基于图像分类结果的评估两种模式,前者通过震害指数与烈度的关系得到地面居民住地的宏观震害情况,结合地震应急数据进行建筑物损失评估;后者采用图像处理技术,选取典型震害样本以图像分类技术得到地面居民住地的分级分类的震害结果,然后计算参数进行损失评估。损失评估的计算根据震害提取模式而不同。这种遥感震害评估方法和计算流程结合了遥感和GIS技术,以满足实际工作需求目标,提高了震害提取的自动化程度,实现多人工作模式,通过有效率的人机交互来提高遥感震害评估的速度。     

人类活动与我国旱涝灾害

中国的生态环境具有复杂多变、敏感脆弱及人类活动影响显著的特点。我国是世界上受气象灾害最严重的国家之一。近年来,我国自然灾害发生的频率和造成的损失有明显的增加趋势。如,50年代我国自然灾害的损失折合1990年价值达400亿元左右,而到1994年仅洪涝灾害造成的直接经济损失就达近1800亿元(施雅风,1996)。     

新疆破坏性地震损失“盲估”方法

通过总结新疆近年来的震害预测研究成果和震害损失评估工作的实践,给出了震后损失快速评估方法－“盲估”方法。提出今后震灾评估的发展方向是建立震后趋势快速判定计算机管理系统。     

风暴潮灾害造成的渔民收入损失评估

近年来,风暴潮灾害日益频发,对我国沿海地区的渔民收入造成了巨大的损失.通过分析风暴潮造成的渔民收入损失评估指标,从渔民的直接收入和间接收入两个方面,对渔民收入损失进行了评估.     

利用浅海的声传播损失反演海面风速

声信号在浅海环境传播时,经过海面风浪的不断散射,传播损失会相应改变。本文通过分析声传播损失计算海面波高,利用风浪充分成长时波高与风速的关系,对海面风速进行反演,并针对声速剖面在有无跃层两种情况下反演过程的异同进行讨论。利用模拟仿真与2013年黄海声传播实验数据对其进行了验证,结果表明此方法是有效的。