基于夜光遥感的粤港澳大湾区人口空间分布及特征研究

将粤港澳大湾区的珞珈一号辐射亮度数据和高精度土地类型数据融合,在区县级行政区划上构建分区逐步回归模型,获得大湾区2020年500 m人口格网数据并进行精度验证,从人口数量和密度、空间方向性和空间集聚分散等角度分析2020年人口空间分布特征。结果表明：1）珞珈一号夜光遥感数据与土地类型数据的融合提高了人口空间化精度;2）大湾区人口数量与密度具有高度协同的空间分布关系,存在五大人口集聚区,分别是广州天河、越秀、海珠、荔湾和白云西南部组成的集聚区;东莞内部环形集聚区;深圳西、中和北部集聚区;港澳集聚区和肇庆端州集聚区,边缘城市人口稀疏;3）人口分布沿广州—东莞—深圳—香港方向性显著,说明经济水平是影响人口空间分布的重要因素;4）人口集聚特征明显,68%的人口分布聚集在27.64%空间范围内,人口热点区位于东莞、深圳和香港一带,冷点区域主要分布在肇庆和江门内部。     

基于ALOS DEM的乌蒙山国家级自然保护区地貌特征研究

以乌蒙山国家级自然保护区为对象,融合野外地质地貌调查和ALOS DEM数字地形分析,定量与定性相结合阐述区内地形分异、地貌格局与发育演化等特征。结果表明：1）保护区基本地貌类型以大起伏中山（57.45%）为主,其次为大起伏亚高山（30.66%）和中起伏中山（11.17%）,海拔、起伏度、坡度、面积-高程积分值等定量地形指标的平均值从三江口片区至朝天马、海子坪片区逐渐降低,夷平剥蚀面级数逐渐减少;2）保护区及附近地区共发育7级夷平剥蚀面,其中Ⅰ～Ⅲ级为山顶面和残余夷平面,Ⅶ级为金沙江侵蚀阶地面,Ⅳ～Ⅵ级为剥蚀面,与区域3次构造旋回相对应;3）保护区面积-高程积分值在0.197～0.815之间,平均为0.503,超过80%的区域处于地貌演化的壮年阶段,表明区域地表侵蚀动力较强,在人类活动增强背景下存在较大的生态风险,未来的保护规划应考虑各个基本地貌类型区的地表动力差异。综合而言,独特、丰富的地貌结构使得保护区生物多样性及其所依附的生态环境要素得以保存,加强地貌多样性研究有助于从整体性和系统性的角度实现保护区资源环境管理与可持续利用。     

基于改进Markov-CA模型的黄土高原土地利用多情景模拟

土地利用/覆被的时空变化研究能为区域生态环境恢复和生态系统集成管理提供科学支持。集成Logistic回归模型、改进的Markov与FLUS模型模拟黄土高原2020—2050年3种典型情景土地利用变化。发现各情景土地利用面积变化及空间置换转移主要集中在农用地、草地和城镇用地;历史趋势延续情景下农用地减少15 205 km²,草地、城镇用地分别增加2742 km²和16 007 km²;生态保育管护情景中草地增加7076 km²,林草用地增长存在权衡关系（r_{主要林地-草地}=-0.66）,在典型区域的生态恢复管理中应加以重视;城镇发展建设情景中农用地减少20 256 km²,城镇用地增加22 032 km²,变化均达到极值,其中,南部城镇扩张与农用地减少存在强权衡关系（r_{农用地-城镇用地}=-1）。改进的Markov-FLUS模型适用于黄土高原地区的土地利用模拟,情景分析可有效揭示区域生态保护与城镇扩张的阈值变化,为区域土地利用政策权衡管理和水土保育提供科学依据。     

“两型、效益、服务”——湘潭九华经济技术开发区的三张名片

正走进湘潭九华经济技术开发区,闯入眼帘的是宽阔整洁的道路,车如流水马如龙。两边绿树成荫,高楼林立;在工业区,一片高大的蓝色厂房鳞次栉比,十分壮观。高耸的广告牌上赫然写着:苦战高温七八九,建设美丽新九华。这样豪迈的标语总是给人奋进的力量。翻开历史,没有人会想到,湘潭九华经济技术开发区的发展速度如此之快。短短十年,一片黄土新城。在这里,可以感受到改革开放的成果;在这里,可以感受到园区发展的速度与质量齐头并进;在这里,可以预见一座城市的繁     

Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples

Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program （GGP）, which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian （in Chongqing Municipality） and Ansai （in Shaanxi Province） were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.     

Precipitation type estimation and validation in China

The results from three methods aimed at improving precipitation type(e.g., rain, sleet, and snow) estimation are presented and compared in this paper. The methods include the threshold air temperature(AT), threshold wet bulb temperature(WBT) and Koistinen and Saltikoff(KSS) methods.Dot graphs are plotted to acquire the threshold air temperature or the threshold wet bulb temperature using daily averaged air temperature, wet bulb temperature and precipitation data at 643 stations from 1961 to 1979(precipitation types are not labeled in the database from 1980 to present) in China. The results indicate that the threshold AT or WBT methods are not able to differentiate rain, sleet and snow in the most regions in China; sleet is difficult to differentiate from other precipitation types based on the two threshold methods. Therefore, one threshold AT and WBT method was used in this study to differentiate rain and snow. Based on GaussianKriging interpolation of threshold air temperature(T0and wet bulb temperature(Tw), the T0 and Tw contour lines and contour surfaces are calculated for China.Finally, a comparison between the KSS, AT and WBT methods are provided in which the KSS method is calculated based on air temperature and relative humidity. The results suggest that the KSS method is more appropriate for water phase estimation than are the other methods; the maximum precision for rain and snow is 99% and 94%, respectively. The AT method performs better than the WBT method when the critical air temperature is 2°C.     

Historical Sediment Record of ~(137)Cs, δ-HCH,and δ~(13)C Reflects the Impact of Land Use on Soil Erosion

This paper reports the concentrations of 137 Cs, hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDT) and its main degradation products, δ13C, and organic carbon in pond sediments(0-210 cm, sectioned by 2-20 cm interval) and surface soils(the 0-3 cm horizon) collected in 2010 from Chenjia catchment, which is located in Yanting county in the hilly central Sichuan of China. α-, δ-, and γ-HCH, DDT, and DDD were not detected throughout the sediment profile. Trace concentrations of δ-HCH(0.89-29.31 ng g-1) and p,p′-DDE(1.85-6.02 ng g-1) were detected only in top 40 cm sediment. The 137 Cs fallout peak in 1963(corresponding to the 55-60 cm depth), the sedimentary signature left by the last year of HCH use in 1989(an additional indicator at 20-25 cm), and the obvious original channel bed prior to the construction of the pond in 1956 were used as temporal markers to estimate changes in average sedimentation rate between different periods due to changes in land use. Continuous, marked decrease in average sedimentation rate(i.e., 3.79, 1.35 and 1.07 cm year-1 in 1956-1963, 1963-1989, and 1989-2010, respectively)over time was observed, probably due to the reforestation, abandoning of steep sloping farmland for afforestation and natural re-vegetation(implementation of the Grain for Green Program), and the conversion of part of gently sloping farmland terraces to orchard land since the 1980 s, especially since the 1990 s. This was corroborated by the observed decrease(more negative) in δ13C of sediment towards the surface, which indicates increased relative contribution of eroded soil particles coming from slopes with increased tree cover in sediment source area. Combined use of 137 Cs, δ-HCH, and δ13C record in sediments has been demonstrated to be a powerful approach to reconstruction of response in sedimentation rate to historical land use changes.     

渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷陡坡带沙河街组近岸水下扇低孔低渗储层成岩序列

根据大量岩芯、薄片、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和镜质体反射率等储层资料,探讨了渤海湾盆地车镇凹陷陡坡带沙河街组近岸水下扇砂体岩石学特征、储层物性特征、成岩作用类型及其特征、成岩阶段与成岩序列、储层孔隙类型与次生孔隙发育特征,分析了低孔低渗储层中次生孔隙("甜点")的形成条件及控制因素。结果表明:车镇凹陷陡坡带沙河街组近岸水下扇砂体由岩屑质长石砂岩构成,在埋藏过程中,储层经历了压实、胶结、溶解和交代等成岩作用,现今储层埋深2 000~3 800m,储层处于中成岩阶段,总体上形成了低孔低渗储层;溶蚀作用对于改善储层质量起到了重要作用;主要在2 300~3 100m深度段的有机酸对长石颗粒的溶蚀以及形成的粒间和粒内孔隙不仅增加了储层孔隙度,而且提高了储层渗透率,改善了储层质量,孔隙度可达25%,渗透率达到50×10-3μm2,为油气富集高产提供了储集空间。总之,溶蚀作用及其形成的次生孔隙发育带对于预测有利储层是非常重要的。     

东秦岭华县西沟钼矿床Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

东秦岭华县西沟钼矿床位于华北陆块南缘老牛山岩体与华山岩体所夹持的EW向长廊中,产出于太古界太华群黑云斜长片麻岩地层内。该矿床已经被确定为中型矿床。西沟钼矿区内构造发育,岩浆活动强烈,展布的多条长石-石英脉、碳酸盐脉型钼矿体主要受近EW向剪切带控制,矿石类型以石英脉型、长石-石英脉型、方解石-石英脉型及蚀变岩型为主。应用Re-Os同位素地质年代学方法测得西沟钼矿床的成矿模式年龄为(206.7±2.8)~(214.7±2.8)Ma,等时线年龄为(212.4±2.8)Ma,属于印支晚期;辉钼矿Re质量分数为(306.6~401.0)×10-6,暗示成矿物质主要来源于上地幔。区域成矿条件对比发现,西沟钼矿床与黄龙铺钼矿床在成矿时代、成因类型等方面具有一致性,矿床类型划归为长石-石英脉、碳酸盐脉型。依据化探异常及初步勘查结果,预测西沟地区深部可能存在有隐伏岩体,具有寻找大型钼矿床的潜力。     

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