构造应力场三维数值模拟的有限单元法

目前构造应力场的研究主要是基于平面的二维分析,随着油气成藏过程三维模拟的发展,应力场的三维数值模拟显得越来越重要.从三维空间角度出发,分析了应力场的有限元模拟与求解的整个过程.基于不规则六面体单元的角点网格数据模型,对有限元求解法进行了分析与研究并提出计算方法.基于不规则角点网格数据模型的三维构造应力场有限元计算方法是本文的创新点.最后用上述方法对东营凹陷的牛庄-王家岗区域三维应力场进行了实际模拟计算,计算结果相比于其他数据模型更符合实际情况.      

2010年玉树Ms7.1地震前的重力变化

利用中国地壳运动观测网络1998—2008年绝对重力和相对重力观测资料,获得了玉树地震区域重力场及其动态变化,从动态的观点研究了2010年4月14日玉树Ms7.1地震前区域重力场演化特征及其与地震活动的关系。结果表明：1)重力变化与甘孜 玉树断裂构造活动存在密切的空间联系,重力测量较好地反映了伴随活动断层的物质迁移和构造变形引起的地表重力变化效应;2)区域重力场动态图像较完整地反映了2010年4月14日玉树7.1级地震孕育、发生过程中出现的流动重力观测得到的异常前兆信息;3)玉树震中附近重力点值时序变化累积量超过80× 10^-8 ms-2,较好地反映了玉树地震前重力测点随时间的剧烈波动性上升变化。     

龙门山断裂带三维滑动速率反演及其分段性研究

基于负位错模型,结合粒子群算法反演龙门山中央断裂段的三维滑动速率。反演结果表明,龙门山断裂带的现今构造运动整体而言为右旋逆冲断层,滑动速率较小,其运动特征具有显著的分段性。断裂带南段以逆冲为主,兼有左旋特征;在向北延展过程中逐渐转化为右旋走滑,且走滑分量逐渐加大;龙门山断裂带南北两端具有挤压特征,其中段显示一定的拉张。由此推断,龙门山断裂带现今构造活动,在青藏块体整体移动的影响下,还与其区域应力场和内部地壳结构有关。基于负位错模型,结合粒子群算法反演龙门山中央断裂段的三维滑动速率。反演结果表明,龙门山断裂带的现今构造运动整体而言为右旋逆冲断层,滑动速率较小,其运动特征具有显著的分段性。断裂带南段以逆冲为主,兼有左旋特征;在向北延展过程中逐渐转化为右旋走滑,且走滑分量逐渐加大;龙门山断裂带南北两端具有挤压特征,其中段显示一定的拉张。由此推断,龙门山断裂带现今构造活动,在青藏块体整体移动的影响下,还与其区域应力场和内部地壳结构有关。     

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东昆仑小庙基性岩脉地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

东昆仑小庙辉绿岩脉侵位于前寒武纪金水口群变质基底中,岩石地球化学研究表明:它是以低TiO₂和较低的MgO,Nb、Ta亏损和Th富集为特征,贫P₂O₅,Na₂O＞K₂O, 富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U、Sr和LREE,高场强元素分异明显,地壳源区对辉绿岩的影响很大,形成于大陆拉张带或裂谷初期环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明:1 996~2 428 Ma年龄可能代表岩浆捕获锆石年龄,形成于太古宙至古元古代的区域性构造热事件;3个较一致点的加权平均年龄（733.6±6.6） Ma（MSWD =0.038）为辉绿岩结晶年龄,可能代表了新元古代东昆仑地区裂解的时间,这与Rodinia超大陆裂解相对应。     

青海省扎日根结扎群火山岩形成时代及构造背景分析

青海扎日根结扎群火山岩中基性岩以贫硅、钾,高钛、钙,中性岩类以低硅、中钾、钛、钙,酸性岩类以高硅、钾,中钛,低钙为特征。根据Fe＊/MgO-TiO2图解上显示出本区火山岩绝大多数火山岩落在岛弧区。微量元素中Th/Nb=0.9〉0.11,Nb/Zr〉0.04显示出其构造背景为陆-陆碰撞形成的岛弧区。扎日根结扎群火山岩时代Rb-Sr同位素等时线给出的年龄为231±28Ma和225±8 Ma,属晚三叠世。另外Sr同位素的初始比值ISr=0.70522±0.00023,小于0.719,表明岩浆（原始）来源于上地幔,并且在上升的过程中受到地壳的混染。     

大连开发区大小窑湾港址区域及场地稳定性研究

本文在分析区域地质新构造运动、地震及工程地质资料的基础上,对大连经济技术开发区大小窑湾港址的区域及场地稳定性作了研究,认为该区属次不稳定区,对场地而言,缓丘,红粘土砾石段和粘性土等地段为稳定性较好的地段。     

Origin of CO_2 in natural gas from the Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Northeast Sichuan Basin

The natural gas from the Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Northeast Sichuan Basin contains high H2S whereas relatively low CO2 concentrations and the CO2 display high δ13C values (ranging from -5.81‰ to 3.3‰ (PDB)). This seems to contradict the conventional wisdom that TSR should be a primary source of CO2 in natural gas from the Feixianguan Formation. In contrast, many authigenic calcite samples from these sites display very low δ13C values (ranging from -18.4‰ to -10.3‰ (PDB)). This suggests that the carbon from TSR source dominated the formation of calcite whereas the carbon from inorganic source came into CO2 in natural gas. In order to assess the origin of CO2 from these H2S-rich sites, we have calculated the relative contributions of organic and inorganic carbon sources to the CO2 and authigenic calcite. The organic carbon source possibly originated from TSR, whereas the inorganic one might be generated from marine carbonates dissolution. This calculation is based on the carbon isotopic compositions of CO2 and authigenic calcite as well as an isotopic mass balance. The results show that the contribution of organic carbon source to the CO2 is only 2%, whereas that to authigenic calcite is as high as 43% on average. Such results combined with thermodynamic evidence indicate that the isotopically light CO2 produced by TSR process may contribute to authigenic calcite precipitation during burial diagenesis. Distinguishable from Ordovician reservoir of Tarim Basin, Feixianguan reservoir of Northeast Sichuan Basin experienced rapid tectonic uplift due to Yanshanian movement after TSR occurred. Such tectonic event could induce temperature decrease and further promote carbonates dissolution. During these processes, secondary porosity has developed in Feixianguan carbonate reservoirs. Therefore, much attention should be paid to the structural highs in search of high quality carbonate reservoirs.     

东海盆地西湖凹陷构造样式及其演化

西湖凹陷是经历多期构造作用的白垩—第三纪盆地。多期裂陷和反转构造作用的叠加导致了相对复杂的构造格架样式和盆地地质结构。凹陷总体上具有东西分带,南北分块的构造格局。裂陷期的同沉积断裂组成了多种复合的构造样式：西部斜坡带主要发育断阶、地堑和地垒构造;中央洼陷带则以复合“Y”字型、羽状和似花状断裂组合为主;东缘断阶带主要发育“Y”字型、梳状和羽状组合。坳陷反转期,早期的同沉积断裂发生了不同程度的逆冲反转,形成了多种复合的构造样式,例如反冲叠瓦扇构造、后断叠瓦式逆冲构造等叠合构造样式。从盆地的构造样式出发,探讨了盆地的形成演化和构造- 沉积充填过程对有利圈闭带发育分布的控制作用,对富生烃凹陷油气预测具有重要指导意义。     

Influence of shear angle on hangingwall deformation during tectonic inversion

Tectonic inversion is a common phenomenon in island arc settings, especially in back‐arc basins. The reactivation of normal faults as thrusts, triggered by tectonic inversion, produces typical inversion fault‐related folds and thrusts in the hangingwall. These hangingwall inversion geometries are affected by two factors: the geometry of the underlying master fault and the angle of inclined simple shear relative to the regional dip of strata, in the case that the deformation is approximated by simple shear. This study employed numerical simulations to analyse the influence of the antithetic shear angle on the geometry of the hangingwall and displacement along the master fault. The simulation results reveal that a steeply inclined shear vector during extension produces a narrow, steep‐sided half‐graben, whereas a gently inclined shear produces a wide, open basin. After tectonic inversion, a tight anticline is formed under steeply inclined shear, whereas an open anticline is formed under gently inclined shear. Antithetic shear results in reduced total displacement along the master fault, and the greater the angle between the shear direction and the regional dip, the greater the displacement along the master fault. Because the deformation geometry of syn‐extension layers is affected by extension followed by contraction, a change in the shear angle during tectonic inversion produces a wide variety of deformation geometries. Comparison of the simulation results with the results of analogue modelling suggests that the shear angle decreases by 5° during the transition from extension to tectonic inversion and that such a change may be commonly observed in natural geological structures. These results highlight the benefits of numerical simulations, which can be used to readily examine a variety of constraining parameters and thereby lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of hangingwall deformation, avoiding erroneous estimates of the amount of fault displacement.