Drift currents in the southern New Zealand region as derived from Lagrangian measurements and the remote sensing of sea‐surface temperature distributions

Four drift bottles, cast adrift south of the Subtropical Convergence at 48°S, 156°E in November 1980, landed within 123 days of release at a short stretch of coast north of Banks Peninsula. A high degree of coherence in the responsible drift pattern is indicated. The contemporary surface circulation inferred from satellite‐derived sea‐surface temperature distributions indicates that the bottles were entrained in a meridionally‐converging flow after drifting across the southern Tasman Sea without crossing the Convergence. They were prevented from further eastward drifting because of a marked southward flexing of the Convergence east of the Southland Current during February 1981. Because of local weather and tide effects, the bottles finally beached in Pegasus Bay.     

Solving density driven flow problems with efficient spatial discretizations and higher-order time integration methods

Modelling density driven flow problems requires an excessive computational time and/or heavy equipments due to the non-linear coupling between flow and transport equations. In this work, we develop a robust numerical model with efficient advanced approximations for both spatial and temporal discretizations in order to reduce the excessive computational requirement while maintaining accuracy.     

机载航空遥感飞行管理系统实现的研究

飞行任务管理系统是航空遥感的重要组成部分。根据低空数字航空摄影测量规范,结合飞行设计文件和飞行记录文件的相关资料,进行对比,从而实现飞行质量的评估和检查。本文着重介绍系统的主要功能和实现方法。     

国家重点研发计划“深地资源勘查开采”攻关目标与任务剖析

国家重点研发计划“深地资源勘查开采”重点专项（简称“深地专项”）以大幅提升中国资源发现率和资源获取能力,全面支撑国家找矿突破战略行动为核心目标。按照国家重点研发计划“全链条设计,一体化实施”的要求,专项重点资助的研究工作包括：中国深部资源成矿成藏、预测评价与深部开采相关重大基础理论研究,航空-地面-地下立体勘查和智能化、无人化绿色采矿共性关键技术装备研发以及相关应用示范研究。“深地专项”共包含“成矿系统的三维结构与控制要素系统”等7项任务,各任务及专项的目标通过若干相互关联、有机衔接的项目落实。结合专项启动以来的立项情况,梳理了7个任务方向专项经费的分布情况,并分析总结了各任务方向的研究重点、难点和预期目标,全面呈现了“深地专项”的研究布局、空间布局和资金布局,为相关研究工作和管理工作的开展提供了参考。     

The importance of missing strain in Deep Water Fold and Thrust Belts

Deep water fold and thrust belts (DWFTBs) are sedimentary wedges that accommodate plate-scale deformation on both active and passive continental margins. Internally, these wedges consist of individual structures that strongly influence sediment dispersal, bathymetry and fluid migration. Most DWFTB studies investigate basin- and intra-wedge- scale processes using seismic reflection profiles, yet are inherently limited by seismic resolution. Of critical importance is strain distribution and its accommodation on discrete faults compared to distributed deformation. Recent studies have considered strain distribution by investigating regional reflection DWFTBs profiles within coupled systems, which contain down-dip compression and up-dip extension. There is broad agreement of a mis-balance in compression versus extension, with ∼5% excess in the latter associated with horizontal compaction, yet this remains unproven.Using two exceptionally well exposed outcrops in the Spanish Pyrenees we consider deformation of DWFTB at a scale comparable to, and beyond, seismic resolution for the first time. By coupling outcrop observations (decametre to hectometre scale) with a re-evaluation of seismic profiles from the Orange Basin, South Africa, which contains one of the best imaged DWFTBs globally, we provide a unique insight into the deformation from metre to margin scale. Our observations reveal hitherto unrecognised second order structures that account for the majority of the previously recognised missing strain. This re-evaluation implies that ∼5% missing strain should be accounted for in all DWFTBs, therefore existing studies using restorations of the sediment wedge will have underestimated crustal shortening in active margins, or sedimentary shortening in gravity driven systems by this amount. In contrast to previous studies, our observations imply that the majority of this strain is accommodated on discrete fault surfaces and this can explain the occurrence and location of a range of intra-wedge processes that are intimately linked to structures including sediment dispersal, fluid migration pathways and reservoir compartmentalisation.     

盾构法开挖隧道对桩基础影响的有限元分析

利用有限元软件ABAQUS,采用对隧道洞室周边及开挖面的土体施加由盾构机引起的各种荷载的方法模拟天津市地铁1号线盾构施工。计算结果表明,有限元模型能够很好地模拟盾构施工过程。利用此模型研究隧道开挖对桩基础的影响。隧道开挖引起的桩顶沉降、桩身侧移主要发生在盾构机推进面逐渐接近桩的过程中,当盾构机推进面通过桩所在的位置后桩顶沉降、桩身侧移增加不明显;与隧道水平距离相同时,由于长桩能够充分发挥桩身下部的侧摩阻力,隧道开挖引起的长桩的桩顶沉降小于短桩的桩顶沉降;隧道开挖过程中12 m长桩的桩身发生了整体倾斜,16、19 m长桩的桩身出现了弯曲变形,16、19 m长桩的桩身最大弯矩发生在地面下12～13 m之间,即在隧道轴线附近;开挖过程中桩顶出现沿隧道推进方向的往复位移;桩顶作用的竖向荷载越大,由隧道开挖引起的桩顶沉降越大     

汶川地震强余震的电磁同震效应

汶川5.12大地震发生后,在武都汉王地震台及其附近地区布置了2个大地电磁测深点,进行了两期余震序列的地震电磁效应连续监测,共观测到M_s4.0及以上的余震事件35次.通过与汉王强震台的地震记录数据中15个强震记录比较发现,与地震波相对应的地震同震电磁信号存在于所有的电场和磁场记录分量中,它们与地震波到达同步.地震破裂发生时的电磁辐射信号在记录数据中相比地震波达到观测点的电磁信号幅度要小得多,无法从观测数据识别出来.通过分析对比地震位移和同震电磁信号的关系,提出了地震电磁同震信号产生的地震波驱动机理,认为观测系统在地球基本磁场中随地面运动产生了地震同震电磁信号,并从观测的地震振动位移和电磁信号进行了验证.     

Optimization of closed-form test tasks used in computer systems for examination

This paper discusses the optimization of closed-form test tasks containing one question and several answers with only one being correct. For this purpose, the effects of several test task parameters on the possibility of getting the lowest passing score by students with insufficient knowledge of the subject have been studied. The appropriateness of such tests for some types of examination has been shown. An algorithm for determining the optimal number of answers in the test and the number of test tasks used for examination is suggested.     

被动大陆边缘盐构造研究进展

内容提要:被动大陆边缘的含盐盆地多在重力作用下发育薄皮盐构造.这些构造不但记录了盆地的演化过程,而且往往富含大量的油气资源.因此,被动陆缘盐构造是学术界与工业界共同关注的热点.在传统的被动陆缘含盐盆地模型中,盆地主要在重力作用下形成上坡的拉张区,下坡的挤压区和两者之间的转移区.近年来,国际学术界围绕重力变形在盆地中的作...     

基于SOFM网络的农村居民点节约用地驱动类型研究

提高农村居民点节约用地有助于释放农村建设用地潜力。从区域发展对农村居民点用地影响的角度出发,分析了农村居民点节约用地的驱动类型。首先,采用回归分析的方法,从中国国家尺度构建指标体系,分析农村居民点人均用地面积的主要影响因素;其次,借助Matlab 7.6软件、采用SOFM网络分析方法从宏观区域层面对中国各省域农村居民点节约用地的驱动类型进行划分。研究结果表明,中国省域农村居民点节约用地的驱动类型可以划分为4种类型:区域发展负向驱动、区域城镇化负向驱动、区域经济负向驱动和区域发展正向驱动;且从全国来看,在农村居民点节约用地驱动问题上出现了较显著的"马太效应"。