Effects of Task Demand and Familiarity with Scenes in Visuospatial Representations on the Perception and Processing of Spatial Information

This study examined the effects of task demand and familiarity on students' perception and processing of spatial information upon viewing visuospatial representations. Participants in South Korea were told that they would travel through an area, either drawing a map or observing the scenery depicted in photographs. The level of familiarity in the photographs was manipulated in three categories: neighborhood, Seoul (capital city of South Korea), and foreign cities. In two experiments, this study investigated students' eye movements, memory, and response sensitivity and bias. The results indicate that the participants in the map-drawing condition focused on structural information, such as routes, and that their memory of the scenes was more accurate. Moreover, the map-drawing group students were more sensitive and prudent in their responses. The increased level of familiarity also made students focus on structural information. The findings provide useful strategies for geography educators to use visuospatial representations.     

基于角色和任务的访问控制在工作流管理系统中的应用

工作流管理系统（WfMS）是一个应用于企业的业务自动化管理系统,需要一个很好的访问控制机制来进行管理控制。基于工作流管理系统中复杂的权限管理这一安全需求,将基于角色和任务的访问控制机制应用于工作流管理中,使WfMS中的访问控制以任务为中心,达到动态管理的目的,同时由于角色的存在而简化了授权操作的复杂性。最后,给出了实现系统访问控制模块的主要功能类。     

渤、黄海冬、夏季节风生流场年际变化时空模态与环流变异

根据1975—2017年冬、夏季节渤、黄海沿岸25个气象站风观测资料,采用二维非线性垂直平均风生流模式、旋转经验正交函数(REOF)等方法,研究了渤、黄海冬、夏季节平均风生流速度势与流函数场年际变化时空模态与环流变异.由于冬、夏季节渤、黄海风应力场强度年际变化显著线性减弱趋势,冬季渤、黄海平均速度势与流函数强度年际变化线性减弱速率大于夏季,黄海冬、夏季平均速度势与流函数强度年际变化线性减弱速率大于渤海.渤、黄海冬、夏季节平均风生流速度势与流函数场年际变化主要有两种时空模态,冬季渤海垂直环流显著线性减弱以及水平环流准平衡态年际变化是主要分量,冬季黄海垂直与水平环流准平衡态年际变化是主要分量.夏季渤海垂直环流显著线性减弱以及水平环流准平衡态年际变化是主要分量,夏季黄海大部分海域垂直环流显著线性减弱与局部垂直环流显著线性增强年际变化是主要分量,夏季黄海水平环流形态此消彼长显著线性增强及减弱年际变化是主要分量.冬季黄海暖流暖水向南黄海西侧以及向渤海中部输送过程是在3～4个环流之间传递形成,并非由单一环流输送形成.冬季渤海中部辐散下沉反气旋环流与黄海中部至渤海海峡的气旋环流、黄海东部辐散下沉反气旋环流是冬季黄海暖流强度与范围的控制环流,夏季渤海中部辐散下沉反气旋环流与黄海中部辐合上升气旋型环流是夏季渤、黄海冷水团强度与范围的控制环流,冬、夏季节渤、黄海控制环流年际变化形态的变换形成冬季黄海暖流与夏季渤、黄海冷水团暖年或冷年的年际变化.     

液化地层震动沉管桩施工对策

南京某综合办公楼桩基工程采用震动沉管桩，由于该区地层的粉砂层存在不同端阻力分界面，因上层长时间的震动，下层粉砂层发生液化，导致桩尖与沉管脱离，桩管内出现水泥浆：为此在施工中采用活瓣桩尖，并用0．5m^3的砼封底，有效地解决了桩管冒浆问题。     

白垩纪温室气候机制的模拟研究评述

 白垩纪是地质史上一个典型的温室气候时期，国际上围绕白垩纪气候成因开展了一系列模拟研究。在评述白垩纪古气候模拟的基础上，讨论了气候模式的应用和发展、古气候边界场设置和模拟试验，分析白垩纪温室气体、古地理、古海洋以及海陆生态系统对气候的作用和反馈。这些古气候模拟试验锁定在气候变化的关键时段和驱动因子、测试地球内外动力和地球各圈层反馈作用，可为认识温室气候的成因、探讨气候变化内在机制和预测未来气候提供重要的科学依据。     

气象代码的应用现状及向表格驱动代码过渡的影响分析

对气象代码的组成、字符代码的特点及局限性、表格驱动代码的特点及优势进行了介绍, 对我国气象代码的应用现状进行了分析, 并介绍了世界气象组织由字符代码向表格驱动代码过渡计划的主要内容。向表格驱动代码过渡对我国各级气象部门现有观测系统、通信传输、数据处理及存储、数据使用等多个业务环节产生的影响进行了初步分析和探讨, 并对我国表格驱动代码过渡应开展的工作提出了初步设想。     

Numerical modelling of chloride propagation in the quaternary aquifer of the southern Upper Rhine Graben

The deep groundwater in the quaternary gravel sequence of the southern Upper Rhine Graben locally contains high chloride concentrations near the river Rhine between Fessenheim (France) in the South and Breisach (Germany) in the North. This historical pollution is mainly due to past infiltration from the former brine storage basins of the French potash mines on the Fessenheim Island and—to a lesser extent—from the leaching of the salt dumps of the German potash mines in Buggingen and Heitersheim. The spreading of the salt plume was investigated by means of a groundwater model. The aim of the model was to understand the brine movement, the present distribution of chloride as defined by recent hydrochemical investigations, and to select locations for new reconnaissance boreholes. The geological structure was reproduced by a three layer model, which was calibrated for steady state flow conditions. The hydraulic conductivity of the first layer was determined by comparing measured and calculated heads in the model area. The vertical resolution was refined to simulate the density-dependent salt transport processes. The transport of the salt plumes was simulated over a 40-year period, starting at the beginning of brine storage in the 1950s. The relevant transport parameters have been estimated in a sensitivity analysis, where the simulated breakthrough curves of chloride concentration have been compared with the measured data. The results of the groundwater model indicate that brines containing approximately 1 million tons of chloride are still present at the bottom of the aquifer. These highly concentrated salt brines mix with fresh water from the upper part of the aquifer. This dispersive process leads to the formation of a plume of chloride-rich water extending downstream, where pumping wells for several local water supplies are located.     

神经网络的任务分解在抽油泵故障诊断系统中的研究

作者通过神经网络的任务分解在抽油泵故障诊断神经网络系统的研究 ,分析了神经网络任务分解的理论依据 ,并通过实验得出了神经网络任务分解时所需遵循的几个结论 ,以及通过实验证明神经网络任务分解对于减少网络的收敛迭代次数是一种行之有效的方法     

饱和软土中打入式预制桩单桩承载力的时效性

饱和软土中打入式预制桩承载力的时效性问题早已为学术界所共识,并已在工程实践中得到了验证。但对上海地区饱和软土层中的打入式预制桩的休止时间对单桩承载力的影响规律,尚待进一步研究。结合近期完成的一项实际工程的现场实测静载荷试验资料,对预制桩的静载荷试验的间歇时间问题进行了有益的探讨。饱和软土中的打入式预制桩,在沉桩两周后一定时间内,复压单桩极限承载力平均提高了将近单桩设计最大加载值的30％。     

上海软土地区打入桩基长期沉降性状研究

通过对上海25栋高层建筑打入桩基长期沉降观测资料的对比分析,研究压缩层的组成与桩周土特性对打入桩基长期沉降性状的影响,指出桩周浅部厚砂土层对打入桩基长期沉降性状的影响同压缩层有密切的关系。当压缩层以准砂土为主（准砂土比 ? > 75 %）时,桩周厚砂土层对降低桩基沉降及改善沉降性状有明显作用;当准砂土比? < 50 %（或可塑性黏土比?3 > 50 %）时,桩周厚砂土层的上述作用将消失。即使在桩周存在厚砂土层时,压缩层组成对桩基沉降性状的基本特征起主导作用仍然是具有普遍意义的概念。在浅部厚砂土层中得到的上述研究结果,实际上同挤土桩施工的复杂作用有关。