滇西雪山河变质岩群的矿物组成与原岩特征

滇西澜沧江深大断裂带中北段东侧出露中生代浅变质岩系——雪山河变质岩群,其主要矿物组成为石英、黑云母和白云母。通过对其岩相学特征分析评价以及原岩恢复,提出该变质岩群为区内铜(金)矿(床)点的主要矿源层,其原岩主要为沉积岩,但可能有火山凝灰物质加入。     

Metamorphic effect on zircon Lu-Hf and U-Pb isotope systems in ultrahigh-pressure eclogite-facies metagranite and metabasite

The Hf isotope composition of original igneous or detrital zircons in high-grade metamorphic rocks can be used to trace protolith origin, but metamorphic effect on the Hf isotope composition of newly grown domains remains to evaluate. We report a detailed in situ combined study of intragrain U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes in zircons from granitic gneiss and eclogite in the Dabie orogen of China that experienced ultrahigh-pressure eclogite-facies metamorphism. The results show correlations in ²⁰⁶Pb / ²³⁸U age, initial Hf isotope composition, and Th / U and Lu / Hf ratios between the domains of different origins. The metamorphic domains are characterized by low Th / U and Lu / Hf ratios but high ?_Hf(t) values relative to the igneous core and mantle of pre-metamorphic ages. Positive correlations are observed between Th / U and Lu / Hf ratios, pointing to the similar effect of metamorphism on both U-Th-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope systems. Thus the metamorphic domains are distinguished from the igneous core and mantle by their low Lu / Hf ratios that are less than 0.001 for the granitic gneiss and less than 0.0001 for the eclogite. Despite differences in both protolith age and geochemical source between granitic gneiss and eclogite, rim ?_Hf(t) values are variably 3.1 to 13.5 greater than core ?_Hf(t) values when calculated at timing of protolith formation. This indicates that the zircon overgrowth was associated with a metamorphic medium that has high ¹⁷⁶Hf / ¹⁷⁷Hf but low ¹⁷⁶Lu / ¹⁷⁷Hf ratios. While the metamorphic domains contain more radiogenic Hf isotopes than the original igneous core and mantle, their Lu / Hf ratios are significantly lower than those of core and mantle. Therefore, the metamorphic zircons acquired their initial Hf isotope ratios from metamorphic fluids that have high ¹⁷⁶Hf / ¹⁷⁷Hf ratios but low Lu / Hf ratios with sound variability depending on the Lu-Hf isotope compositions of pre-existing and co-precipitating phases.     

“接近度(ND)”对比法的应用——在河西地区基性—超基性岩体中筛选铜镍矿普查目标等方面的应用

根据岩浆矿床的成矿专属性理论 ,以白家嘴子已知含铜镍岩体为基准 ,从岩石化学特征上对河西地区 52个基性—超基性岩体分别做了对比 ,根据最大接近原则 ,筛选出可能与铜镍矿有成因联系的 4个岩体作为普查目标 ;恢复了龙首山地区古老正变质岩的原岩等。通过实践 ,表明了接近度 (ND)对比法具有较强的分辨能力和较高的度量精度 ,所获成果可供今后工作参考。     

内蒙古大青山地区孔兹岩系中大理岩岩组的地球化学特征及原岩建造

大理岩岩组是内蒙古大青山地区孔兹岩系3个岩组中最上部的一个岩组,该岩组是一套富镁质的大理岩系,以巨厚的、大面积分布的白云质大理岩的发育为特征,底部有少量碎屑岩沉积,矿物组成除白云石外,普遍含蛇纹石化橄榄石、透辉石、金云母等一种或多种富镁硅酸盐矿物。岩石地球化学以富CaO、MgO和LOI为特征,反映了碳酸盐岩的地球化学特征,CaO＋MgO含量达44.96%以上,且CaO/MgO比值较小（1.37～10.94）,其原岩应为一套碎屑含量极低的白云岩,以化学沉积为主。原岩建造的沉积环境：由初期的陆海过渡的三角洲相,过渡到滨海-浅海相,最后到干燥气候条件下有障蔽岛相隔的封闭海盆相。构造环境也从亚稳定状态过渡到稳定构造环境,表明该套变质沉积地层的原岩可能形成于被动大陆边缘,但更类似于中元古界长城系、蓟县系这样的克拉通内裂陷槽或裂谷沉积。     

High-grade calcareous metasediments from the Sawtooth Metamorphic Complex,Idaho, USA: evidence for passive margin strata and polymetamorphism within the Idaho batholith

ABSTRACT

The Sawtooth Metamorphic Complex (SMC) of central Idaho contains exposures of metasupracrustal rocks, in a crucial location between the Archaean Wyoming craton to the east and the adjacent Mesozoic terranes to the west, that provide constraints on Precambrian crustal evolution in the northwestern United States. Mineral textures, whole-rock geochemistry, and thermobarometry of calc-silicate gneisses record multiple stages of crustal evolution, including protolith deposition, burial and multiple metamorphic and deformational overprints. Whole-rock signatures are consistent with derivation from post-Archaean, continental sources that have undergone sedimentary maturation and recycling typical of clastic sedimentation in passive-margin environments and with a metamorphosed sequence of calcareous sandstones and marls, containing varying proportions of clay and quartzo-feldspathic detritus. The sandstone-to-marl continuum may reflect a shallow-to-deep water transition in the depositional environment of the calc-silicate protoliths. Two metamorphic events and three deformational events are preserved. The assemblage clinopyroxene + quartz + plagioclase + K-feldspar + rutile represents peak metamorphic conditions (M1), estimated at 750–775°C with relatively oxidized metamorphic fluids, during development of D1a foliation. Deformation twinning in clinopyroxene records a widespread, high strain D1b event at high temperature. A second static thermal event (M2), associated with randomly oriented amphiboles overprinting M1 and D1b features, records conditions of ~550–725°C and H₂O-rich fluids. Late-stage, brittle–ductile D2 deformation is characterized by mylonitic lenses of quartz, fractures within M1 clinopyroxenes that crosscut D1b deformation twins, and localized fracturing of M2 amphiboles. Geochemical and mineral chemical signatures of SMC calc-silicates preserve fingerprints of the original protolith through burial to mid-crustal conditions and high-grade metamorphism and suggest crustal thickening to about 20 km. The SMC may reflect rocks at depth beneath the Idaho batholith. These data, indicative of newly recognized post-Archaean terrain with passive-margin, continental sediments suggest that a continuous Cordilleran passive margin sequence may have extended along the western edge of Laurentia.     

Mineralogical and geochemical evolution of the Bidgol bauxite deposit,Zagros Mountain Belt,Iran: Implications for ore genesis,rare earth elements fractionation and parental affinity

The present study focuses on the Late Cretaceous Bidgol bauxite deposit in the Zagros Simply Fold Belt, SW Iran. The orebody is located in the eroded major NW–SE trending Koh-e-Hosseyn anticline and hosted as discontinuous stratified layers and lenses within the upper member of the Cenomanian–Turonian Sarvak Formation. Detailed mineralogical analysis reveals that diaspore, hematite, goethite, anatase, clinochlore, chamosite, and calcite are the major mineral components accompanied by minor amounts of detrital and REE-bearing minerals such as rutile, zircon and parisite. The ore texture suggest that the bauxite material has an authigenic origin but in some parts it has been transported short distances from a primary in situ environment and redeposited in karstic depressions. The spheroidal pisolites of the Bidgol bauxite formed under conditions of low water activity, favouring the formation of large diaspore cores and a single dry-to-wet climatic fluctuation. The mass change calculations relative to the immobile element Ti show that elements such as Si, Fe, Mg, K, Na and Sr are leached out of the weathered system; Al, Ni, Zr, Ga, Cr and Ba are concentrated in the residual system; and Hf, Ta, Co, Rb, Cs, Be, and U are relatively immobile during the bauxitisation processes. The Nb, Th, Y, V, Sc, Sn and ΣREE are relatively immobile in the initial stage of bauxitisation processes in the bauxite ores, but were slightly mobile at the later stage of bauxitisation. Geochemical data reveal progressive enrichment of the REE and intense LREE/HREE fractionation toward the lower parts of the bauxite profile. Cerium behaves differently from the other REEs (especially LREE) and show positive anomalies in the upper horizons that gradually become negative in the deeper parts of the profile. The distribution and fractionation of trace elements and REEs during the bauxitisation process in the Bidgol deposit are mainly controlled by the presence of REE-bearing minerals, fluctuations in soil solution pH, REE ionization potential and the presence of bicarbonates or organic matter. Geochemical analyses confirm a protolith contribution from the bedrock argillaceous limestone and suggest that the source material for the Bidgol bauxite was provided from a siliciclastic material derived from a continental margin. The mid-Turonian uplift led to the formation of karstic topography, rubbly breccia and a layer of ferruginous–argillaceous debris that was affected by lateritic weathering under humid tropical climate. Subsequently, mobile elements are removed from the profiles, while Al, Fe and Ti are enriched, resulting in the formation of the pristine bauxite materials. When the platform subsided into the water again, the pristine bauxitic materials were partly converted to bauxite. During the exposure of bauxite orebodies on the limbs and crests of anticlines and subsequent eroding and accumulation in the karstic depressions during folding and faulting in Oligocene–Miocene, important factors such as intensity of the weathering, drainage and floating flow may have improved the qualities of the bauxite ores.     

吉林南部老岭群原岩恢复和古沉积环境

吉林南部地区老岭群划分为下亚群大东岔组、临江组和大栗子组,上亚群石青沟组和珍珠门组.老岭群原岩主要类型为泥岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、粉砂质黏土岩、泥砂质岩、石英砂岩、白云质黏土岩及杂砂岩等,均具有明显的沉积特征.分析显示吉南地区的古沉积环境变迁与海平面的升降旋回对应,分别经历了下亚群临江期高能滨海相,大栗子组低能浅海相、浅海陆棚相、半封闭湖相到高能的潮坪环境沙坪相过渡,以及上亚群石青沟组高能滨海相到低能半闭塞台地相的过渡,珍珠门组经历了由低能半闭塞台地相、开阔台地相到高能台地边缘相,再到低能浅海陆棚相的过渡.     

阿尔泰造山带古生代地层的地球化学特征及其对沉积环境的制约

对阿尔泰造山带古生代地层的地球化学研究表明,浅变质碎屑岩的原岩多为泥砂质沉积岩,包含少量来自火成岩或火山岩物质。样品的成分变异指数(ICV)值分布于0.83~1.61之间,绝大部分大于1.0,表明碎屑岩的成熟度较差,代表活动大陆边缘的首次沉积的产物。化学蚀变指数(CIA)值分布于50~82之间,其中石炭纪库马苏组以高CIA值(71~79)为特征,指示源区物质可能经历了温暖-炎热、湿润-潮湿条件下的中等-强烈化学风化作用,而哈巴河群、库鲁姆提群、康布铁堡组、阿勒泰组和红山嘴组显示低的CIA值(50~70),指示源区物质经历了相对寒冷、干燥的条件下的弱的化学风化作用。古生代地层中(Fe2O3T+MgO)、TiO2含量以及Al2O3/SiO2、K2O/Na2O、Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O)值,稀土元素La、Ce含量以及微量元素Th/Sc、La/Sc值显示,哈巴河群、库鲁姆提群、康布铁堡组、阿勒泰组碎屑沉积岩主体形成于大陆岛弧背景,库马苏组、红山嘴组沉积与大陆岛弧-活动大陆边缘具有成因联系。以上地球化学特征表明,阿尔泰古生代碎屑岩可能沉积于活动大陆边缘的大陆岛弧相关环境,为阿尔泰古生代多块体增生构造演化模式提供依据。     

江苏沛县田祖庙地区泰山（岩）群变质岩地球化学特征及原岩恢复

对江苏沛县田祖庙地区泰山(岩)群变质岩的岩石学特征和地球化学特征进行分析和统计,发现岩性以黑云角闪斜长片麻岩为主,其次为黑云斜长片麻岩、角闪斜长片麻岩,再其次为黑云(角闪)二长片麻岩,局部见混合岩化片麻岩。研究区泰山(岩)群主要元素地球化学成分特征整体表现为富Fe、Mg、Ca,w(Na)w(K),含一定量Al、Si。根据岩石全分析和微量元素,经原岩恢复,初步认为研究区太古代泰山(岩)群变质岩的原岩为中性—基性火山岩,推测为安山岩、玄武安山岩。