Possible role of warming on Indian summer monsoon precipitation over the north-central Indian subcontinent

ABSTRACT

Broad disagreement between modelled and observed trends of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) over the north-central part of the Indian subcontinent (NCI) implies a gap in understanding of the relationship between the forcing factors and monsoonal precipitation. Although the strength of the land–sea thermal gradient (LSG) is believed to dictate monsoon intensity, its state and fate under continuous warming over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and part of the NCI (23–28°N, 80–95°E) are less explored. Precipitation (1901–2017) and temperature data (1948–2017) at different vertical heights are used to understand the impact of warming in the ISM. In NCI, surface air temperature increased by 0.1–0.2°C decade^?1, comparable to the global warming rate. The ISM precipitation prominently weakened and seasonality reduced after 1950, which is caused by a decrease in the LSG at the depth of the troposphere. Warming-induced increase in local convection over the BoB further reduced ISM precipitation over NCI.     

Tropical Stratospheric Circulation and Monsoon Rainfall

Interannual variability of both SW monsoon (June-September) and NE monsoon (October-December) rainfall over subdivisions of Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Rayalaseema and Tamil Nadu have been examined in relation to monthly zonal wind anomaly for 10 hPa, 30 hPa and 50 hPa at Balboa (9°N, 80°W) for the 29 year period (1958-1986). Correlations of zonal wind anomalies to SW monsoon rainfall (r = 0.57, significant at 1% level) is highest with the longer lead time (August of the previous year) at 10 hPa level suggesting some predictive value for Coastal Andhra Pradesh. The probabilities estimated from the contingency table reveal non-occurrence of flood during easterly wind anomalies and near non-occurrence of drought during westerly anomalies for August of the previous year at 10 hPa which provides information for forecasting of performance of SW monsoon over Coastal Andhra Pradesh. However, NE monsoon has a weak relationship with zonal wind anomalies of 10 hPa, 30 hPa and 50 hPa for Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Raya     

冬季亚澳季风环流的低频耦合过程

利用1982—1983年和1984—1985年两个冬季的欧洲中期预报中心格点资料研究了冬季东亚西风急流与澳大利亚夏季风在低频尺度上的相互作用与可能的传播方式。结果表明,我国北部上空的西风急流(及相应的锋区)与澳大利亚的夏季风的低频变化有很好的一致性。它们的联系和相互作用表现为:东亚西风急流通过改变西北太平洋地区的越赤道气流影响澳大利亚夏季风的低频变化,而澳大利亚夏季风则通过增强或减弱的高空辐散向北气流影响东亚西风急流。将这种相互作用称为亚澳季风环流的“低频耦合过程”。     

1991年江淮早梅及其与过赤道气流异常的关系

讨论了1991年江淮早梅现象及其形成机制。结果表明:5月第4候西太平洋副热带高压脊线出现第一次北跳,夏季风影响到江南,江淮地区入梅,比常年早二十多天;这与120—130°E间异常地出现较强的过赤道气流有关。     

太阳辐射变化对我国中东部和西非夏季风雨量的影响

60年代后期以来，尤其进入80年代，全球气候显著增暖，但从北半球以至我国来看，此种增暖主要出现于冬季，而在盛夏的东亚—西非季风雨带却呈现出明显南移趋势。经严格统计检验并获得数值试验的支持，发现此种南移趋势及伴随的华北和Sahel区雨量的减少，与北半球—我国晴空太阳直接辐射的减少趋势有关。后者的出现是近年来火山活动频繁和大气污染加剧综合作用的结果。     

康定,东川两地段强震活动对比及在川滇强震预测中的意义

本文提出了具有相似活动构造背景的强震多发段康定段和东川段。对两者历史强震迁移和与川滇大地震的紧密联系,作了较有说服力的多次震例证明,因而本文所论及的有关活动特征在川滇未来强震预测中有一定参考价值。     

LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION AND MECHANISM OF VERTICAL CIRCULATION OF EASTERN ASIAN MONSOON*

Analysis is performed of low-frequency oscillation (LFO) and its relation to monsoon by means of ECMWF numerical prediction data in the period 1 June to 30 September 1984,indicating that remarkable local LFO exists in the vertical meridional and equatorial zonal circulations.And preliminary discussion is made of the origin of the LFO of the East-Asian summer monsoon meridional circulation in the LFO of the mid and upper troposphere vertical motion around 30°S.The LFOs in the meridional circulations of both hemispheres are linked together by the LFO of the meridional circulation.Finally the possible relation between the tropical monsoon LFO and Meiyu (plum rain).     

青海当金山口—四川黑水大地热流研究

在青海当金山口－四川黑水剖面（ＧＧＴ）区带内大地热流测量的基础上，采用布拉德数值分析法对地温梯度进行了三维地形校正，对中－新生代孔隙岩石热导率样品进行了饱水校正，取得了满意的效果，获得了１０个可信的大地热流值。青藏高原北部平均热流值为５１ｍＷ．ｍ＾－２，变动于３５～７８ｍＷ．ｍ＾－２，柴达木北缘构造带和巴颜喀拉构造带处于二者之间，平均为４９ｍＷ．ｍ＾－２。这种分布不均７２ｍＷ．ｍ＾－２，柴达木北缘     

东亚冬季风三维环流的低频振荡特征

利用ＥＣＭＷＦ／ＷＭＯ逐日客观分析格点资料，采用带通滤波分析了冬季风环流的低频振荡特征，结果表明冬季风水平环流和垂直环流都表现出显著的准４０天振荡特征，高低层水平环流的低频变化主要受热带西太平洋和澳大利亚附近的低频涡旋系统的影响，纬向环流的低频变化表现为Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流的加强和减弱。经向环流则表现为局地振荡特征，它的低频振荡起着联接南北半球和高低层季风环流低频振荡的作用。     

云南夏季风振荡与降水的关系

用功率谱方法分析了云南几个代表站１９８５－１９８７年共３年５－１０月低层夏季风活动和降水的振荡周期。然后用交叉谱分析了这两者在显著周期下的相关关系和位相关系。发现云南夏季风活动与雨季降水都有相近的振荡周期，且在显著的振荡周期中两者关系较好。当夏季风偏强时，降水就会偏多。反之，当冷空气偏少偏弱，而夏季风又偏弱时，这一年会发生严重干旱。