矿业开发与环境保护关系综述

笔者介绍了我国矿业发展经历的3个阶段，归纳出我国矿业开发带来的矿山环境问题主要有：地面塌陷、占压破坏土地、改变地质构造、破坏水资源、污染水、污染土壤、污染大气、瓦斯爆炸及河床抬高等。分析了环境恶化的原因主要与区域地质环境条件、历史、经济技术、矿山企业和地方保护主义等因素有关。最后提出了防治矿山环境恶化的对策，对难以治理的地区以预防、避让为主，历史问题由政府和企业共同解决，落实“谁开发、谁保护；谁受益、谁治理；谁破坏、谁恢复”的生态环境保护新机制，加强监管，加强防治对策研究，走综合勘探、综合评价、综合开发、综合利用的发展道路。     

永城煤矿区矿井经济环境价值综合评价

在初步估算永城煤矿区的环境成本的基础上，对该矿区某矿井经济环境综合价值进行了评价和分析。当考虑矿区煤炭环境成本时，煤炭资源开采的净现值变小，该矿井煤炭资源开采的经济环境综合价值变小。进一步计算了不同环境成本和贴现率时的净现值，为动态决策服务。     

淄博市洪山、寨里煤矿地下水串层污染形成原因及防治

淄博市洪山、寨里煤矿区隐伏的奥陶系灰岩裂隙岩溶水污染严重。水质污染突发于矿坑全面闭坑以后，污染范围与矿坑水区一致，地下水污染组份与矿坑水的高含量组份相同。水质恶化主要由矿坑水串层污染所致。在此针对串层污染形成原因及影响因素，提出了防治对策。     

云南矿业支柱产业建设的重点、难点及对策研究

云南矿业发展现状尤其是磷化工和有色金属等优势资源的调研和分析结果表明，矿业已成为云南工业的主体产业群体，影响云南矿业发展的难点主要是企业规模偏小，产品结构不合理，企业整体经济效益下降，国有企业困难面大，地质勘探投入少，矿山建设落后等，并据此讨论了矿业作为云南省支柱产业发展的思路和重点，提出相应的对策和建议。     

高峰公司100号矿体矿床建模与矿山生产动态管理的研究

重点论述高峰锡矿 10 0号矿体的矿床数学经济模型的建立 ,分析模型在采矿、选矿等矿山生产动态管理中的作用及意义     

Experimental Study on Mine Spoils During Superficial Geochemistry Processes

Based on the mineral and chemical compositions of spoils taken from the Shilu Cu-Mo deposit and Hetai gold deposit, the leaching and batch experiments were made on spoils taken from these two deposits using the leaching column designed by the authors. The experimental results showed that it is not always true that the mine drainage is acidic. Its acidity depends on acid-buffering capacity of gangue, host rock and its alteration mineral assemblage. The composition of the drainage water is related with the interaction between superficial or underground water and solid materials in the spoils, including minerals, hydroxides and amorphous substances. The leaching extent of the element is related with its occurrence form in the deposit. The preferential flow results in leaching-out of heavy metals in large amounts. So it is important to prevent the generating of preferential flow in the system. The results will provide very important grounds for the comprehensive management of land and ecological rehabilitation of the mine site.     

华北地台北缘地球物理场特征与金属矿床预测

对华北地台北缘的地球物理场特征进行了探讨,根据重、磁异常数据反演计算了该地区的莫霍界面、居里界面、磁性界面的起伏.利用地球物理场资料和反演计算结果对该地区的构造格架和断裂进行了推断,同时预测了9个成矿远景区:(1)集宁一呼和浩特金成矿区;(2)张家口一赤城金、银多金属成矿区;(3)密云一高岭金、铜成矿区;(4)青龙一马兰庄金成矿区;(5)秦皇岛、金多金属成矿区;(6)郝家营多金属成矿区;(7)承德地区金、多金属成矿区;(8)赤峰一喀喇沁旗金成矿区;(9)宁城东金、多金属成矿区.     

Alpine medicinal plant trade and Himalayan mountain livelihood strategies

Commercial alpine medicinal plants are collected from the wild by local rural households throughout the Himalaya and sold in order to increase household incomes. Recent studies indicate that this annual trade amounts to thousands of tonnes of roots, rhizomes, tubers, leaves, etc., worth millions of US dollars. The main market is in India. Based on a national survey, including the most commonly traded species, and a village study this paper investigates the importance of the alpine medicinal plant trade at national and local levels in Nepal. The national survey included standardized open-ended interviews with 232 harvesters, 64 local traders, 66 central wholesalers, 47 regional wholesalers, and 16 production companies. The village survey is based on the daily records of household activities in 15 households in a one-year period. The annual Nepalese alpine and sub-alpine medicinal plant trade is conservatively estimated to vary from 480 to 2500 t with a total harvester value of US$0.8–3.3 million; the average harvester value is estimated at US$66.0 ± 99.0. The trade in 1997/98 amounted to 1600 t with a harvester value of US$2.3 million and an export value equivalent to 2.5% of total export from Nepal. Medicinal plant harvesting was found to constitute an integrated part of local livelihood strategies, contributing from 3 to 44% (average of 12%) of the annual household income. Importance at household level depended on land and animal holdings, and the availability of adult male labour. The validity and reliability of methods and analyses is evaluated, and issues of conservation and management of alpine medicinal plant species under the community forestry scheme are discussed.     

国际直接投资变化趋势及对我国引资的思考

国际资本投资特别是对外直接投资的迅速增长，无论是对资本输出国还是对资本吸纳国的经济和社会发展都产生了深刻的影响。以美国为首的发达国家无论是在资本输出还是资本流入中一直都占据重要地位，以新兴市场国家为代表的发展中国家的国际资本投资存在逐渐加强的趋势。从国际资本投资的行业分布特征来看，主要集中在制造业和金融、保险、房地产业，特别是金融、保险和房地产业所占比重持续上升。改革开放以来，外商投资已经成为引发我国经济发展深刻变化的重要因素，外商投资企业成为我国国民经济中的重要组成部分。要进一步抓对全球经济一体化的机会，制定相应的发展战略，促进我国经济的发展。     

细菌浸铜技术在紫金山铜矿的应用

介绍了生物浸矿技术在紫金山铜矿的应用及在这一过程中发现的一些问题，并提出了有待进一步解决的一些问题。