海带配子体克隆的培养及应用

克隆技术在当前是生命科学前沿领域之一,对遗传育种、生物工程研究及 应用具有重要的意义。综述了有关海带配子体克隆研究进展以及在种质资源和苗种生产中的 应用情况。     

光质对海带配子体生长发育影响的研究

以孢子水采苗的海带(Laminaria japonica)配子体为材料,研究了蓝光、绿光、红光对配子体生长,发育的影响.结果表明:蓝光对生长、发育的促进作用最大,绿光其次,红光对生长有促进作用,对发育的促进作用不大;在一定的光强范围内,配子体的生长速度都随着光强的提高而加快,当蓝光超过8001x、绿光超过16001x、...     

INTRASPECIFIC CROSSINGS OF UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA (HARV.) SUR.-A POSSIBLE TIME-SAVING WAY OF STRAIN SELECTION

ImODUcrONUndariaPinnatofdapearv.)Sur.inJapanisdividedintoanorthemtypewithdeeplydividedpinnatebladesandasoutherntypewithlighhydividedpinnateblades(Saito,l972,0hno,l994).Butinrmtyears,themutualtIansplantationsbeweensouthandnorthtendedtornakethecIJltivatalsporophpebeudrirminrnorphology.InChina,UndariaisaIsodhadedintoanortherntypeandasoutherntypemeng,l936).Theques-tionofWhetherthemorphologicalcharaedthaofdtaphentypesaredetenninedbygeneticfactorsoraresbolyinflUenaxlbyenvbonmentalfactorsdrewt…     

Effects of blue light on gametophyte development of Laminaria japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)

Laminaria gametophyte was greatly influenced by light in its growth and development. Using light-emitting diodes (LED) as blue and red light sources, we analyzed the light effect on gametophytes development ofLaminaria japonica Aresch. The gametophytes were obtained from zoospores collected in April, May, July, 2003 and September, 2004. We found that the growth of gametophytes was stimulated by increasing intensity of blue light (BL) and red light (RL) illumination, of which BL was obviously stronger than that of RL. The fertilization of gametophytes depended largely on BL, and only sufficient BL illumination could take the reproductive effect. In addition, we noticed that there was a significant difference in light responses for gametophytes developed from zoospore collected in different times. For zoospores released in April, under BL₁ (73.90 μmol photons/m·s), the unicellular female gametophytes and multi-cellular male gametophytes produced eggs and sperms respectively, and further developed towards sporophytes. However, for gametophytes developed in May, July or September, they became multi-cellular and never formed oogonia or antheridia. It is believed that theLaminaria sporangium maturation stage could affect the gametophytes reaction to BL under laboratory culture conditions. Therefore, cryptochrome- or phototropin-like BL photoreceptors is probably involved in BL-induced development ofLaminaria gametophytes. This research was supported by the NSFC (No.40376049) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (The Invitation Fellowship for Research in Japan 2002).     

龙须菜四分孢子体和雌配子体多糖的比较研究

对青岛野生龙须菜四分孢子体和雌配子体中多糖的化学特性和结构进行了比较研究。采用热水提取法从四分孢子体和雌配子体中获得2种多糖(分别用TP和FGP表示),测定了它们的化学组成和分子量,并根据红外光谱和13C-NMR光谱分析比较它们的结构。结果表明:两者的主要单糖组分均为半乳糖和3,6-内醚半乳糖,其中FGP含有较多的硫酸根和较少的3,6-内醚半乳糖;二者的粘均分子量分别为83 400和130 575;结构分析表明二者结构极为相似,都是主要由1,3连接的-βD-半乳糖与1,4连接的-αL-3,6-内醚半乳糖组成的二糖重复单位构成的多糖,含有少量琼脂糖前体。     

裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)配子体对氨态氮和硝态氮的吸收利用比较

本文对裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)配子体丰富培养的氮源进行了研究,结果发现裙带菜配子体能够有效利用氨态氮和硝态氮进行扩增,在30μmol/L氮离子浓度条件下,裙带菜配子体的日生长率能达到25%,可以满足配子体快速扩增的需要。裙带菜配子体在同时含有硝态氮和氨态氮的培养液中培养时,同时吸收两种氮源,并没有出现相互抑制的现象;配子体对氨态氮的吸收速率略大于硝态氮的吸收;对裙带菜配子体的氮吸收速率进行了测定,吸收速率最高分别可达24.3μmol/(g·h)和20.73μmol/(g·h),吸收速率随着氮浓度的增加而升高。     

Early development of Costaria costata (C. Agardh) Saunders and cultivation trials

Costaria costata(C.Agardh) Saunders is one of common kelps distributed in many coastal areas worldwide;however,in China,no reports have been made on cultivation of the genus.To investigate potential cultivation of the species in the northern part of China,trials on isolation and preservation of the gametophytes were conducted using C.costata from Korea;growth and development of the gametophytes were observed.We showed that at 10±1°C,60 μmol m-2s-1 and 12:12 h(L:D),freshly released zoospores settled down wit...     

Laminaria gametophyte clone culture and its application in sporeling cultivation

IN~UCrIOXIn China, the total annual production of cultivated ham maria japonica reached half milliontons in dry weight these few years. All the sporelings used for artificial cultivation were culturedin greenhouses with controlled temperature. This technique was developed in the mid 1950s(Tseng et al., 1955). The key point of this method is to collect ~spores in summer instead Ofautumn. The garnetophytes and the resulting young sporophytes are cultured at 6 -- 10t generally with sufficient…     

植物激素对海带配子体克隆附着的影响

实验研究 2 ,4 - D、KT、IAA、NAA四种植物激素对海带配子体克隆附着的影响。结果表明 :2 ,4 - D对附着有较明显的促附着作用 ,最有效浓度为 2 .5mg/L 和 5mg/L,其 4 h的附着率分别是对照的 2 .79倍和 2 .95倍 ;KT的作用较复杂 ,在浓度为 1mg/L 时 ,对附着有明显的促进作用 ,其 4 h的附着率是对照的 2 .3倍 ;IAA对配子体附着没有明显的促进或抑制作用 ;NAA对附着有抑制作用 ,浓度越高 ,抑制作用越强。     

紫菜叶状体发育研究进展

紫菜是重要的经济海藻,在海藻栽培业中的地位非常重要。随 着海藻生物技术的发展和日益增长的社会需求,对紫菜的研究越来越重要。本文从个体、组 织和细胞水平综述了对叶状体发育的研究进展,对研究的必要性进行了论述,并对其在紫菜 选种育种中的应用前景进行了展望。