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991.
992.
The diffusion attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance, Ka(490), is an important optical parameter of seawater. The optical property, Kd(490), around Nansha Islands in the South China Sea was analyzed based on optical data profiles measured with SPMR (SeaWiFS Profiling Multichannel Radiometer) and SMSR ( SeaWiFS Multichannel Surface Reference ) instrument in April and May, 1999. The results show that Kd(490) is closely correlated with chlorophyll-a concentration, Ccgka, and that the vertical distribution of Kd(490) shows the strong stratification of the water column in this area. Kd(490) has a similar vertical co-variation as KL(490), the diffusive attenuation coefficient for upwelling radiance.Both coefficients increase with depth in the upper layer, where KL(490) is greater than Kd(490); and after a depth, approximatively at the chlorophyll maximum, they decrease with depth, with the former being smaller than the latter. 相似文献
993.
The subsurface current of the Japan Sea was observed by two Autonomous Lagrangian Circulation Explorer (ALACE) floats. One
float, having a 20-day cycle, was deployed on 29 July 1995 in the eastern Japan Basin and drifted in the northeastern part
of the basin until 15 September 2000. The other float, with a 10-day cycle, was deployed on 4 August 1995 in the western Japan
Basin and drifted in the western Japan Basin, in the Yamato Basin and around the Yamato Rise until it reached its life limit
in mid-May 2000. An anticlockwise circulation in the eastern Japan Basin was observed and it was assumed to be in the upper
portion of the Japan Sea Proper Water (UJSPW) or in the intermediate water. The spatial scale of the circulation increased
as the depth decreased. A clockwise circulation was observed around the Yamato Rise in the UJSPW. Smaller clockwise and anticlockwise
rotations were observed in the western Japan Sea, where a seasonal variation was seen in drift speed with different phase
by depth. The correlation coefficient between drift speeds of two floats indicated little coherence among the subsurface circulation
between the east and the west of the Japan Basin, or between the north and the south of the subpolar front.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
994.
Integrating economy, ecology and uncertainty in an oil-spill DSS: The Prestige accident in Spain, 2002 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Major accidental oil spills still affect sensitive marine areas and shorelines around the world, constituting a challenge for operational as well as strategic contingency management. As a rationale basis for addressing both issues we here propose a Decision Support System (DSS) consisting of a combination of modelling and evaluation methods which in particular assesses various impacts on habitats and local economies. By integrating the state-of-the-art oil spill contingency simulation system OSCAR with wind and current forecasts, environmental GIS data and multi-criteria analysis techniques, the DSS is able to rank different response actions to a chemical or oil spill. In this study, the usefulness of the approach is tested by hindcasting the Prestige accident off the coast of Spain in 2002. In particular, the short- to mid-term economic and ecological consequences of different mitigation measures are estimated. We identified clearly one worst option matching the actual decision taken by the responsible parties and one or two almost equally well performing routes. Two procedures of including uncertainty at various stages of the DSS are tested. The first method averages ensembles of outcomes between each modelling/evaluation stage, while the second one preserves the entire degree of freedom till the final ranking procedure. Results in the Prestige case turned out to be rather insensitive against both ways to account for uncertainties. The robustness as well as clarity of the DSS has the potential to enhance the efficiency of decision making even in politically sensitive situations. Limitations as well as ongoing improvements of the system are highlighted, in particular emphasizing linkages to environmental economics. 相似文献
995.
In this paper, image processing technique that reduces video images of buoy motion to yield time series of image coordinates
of buoy objects will be investigated. The buoy motion images are noisy due to time-varying brightness as well as non-uniform
background illumination. The occurrence of boats, wakes, and wind-induced white caps interferes significantly in recognition
of buoy objects. Thus, semiautomated procedures consisting of object recognition and image measurement aspects will be conducted.
These offer more satisfactory results than a manual process. Spectral analysis shows that the image coordinates of buoy objects
represent wave motion well, indicating its usefulness in the analysis of wave characteristics. 相似文献
996.
Daigo Yanagimoto Masaki Kawabe 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(12):2067-2081
Direct current measurements with five moorings at 27–35°N, 165°E from 1991 to 1993 and with one mooring at 27°N, 167°E from 1989 to 1991 revealed temporal variations of deep flow at mid-latitude in the western North Pacific. The deep-circulation flow carrying the Lower Circumpolar Deep Water from the Southern Ocean passed 33°N, 165°E northwestward with a high mean velocity of 7.8 cm s−1 near the bottom and was stable enough to continue for 4–6 months between interruptions of 1- or 2-months duration. The deep-circulation flow expanded or shifted intermittently to the mooring at 31°N, 165°E but did not reach 35°N, 165°E although it shifted northward. The deep-circulation flow was not detected at the other four moorings, whereas meso-scale eddy variations were prominent at all the moorings, particularly at 35°N and 29°N, 165°E. The characteristics of current velocity and dissolved oxygen distributions led us to conclude that the deep-circulation flow takes a cyclonic pathway after passing through Wake Island Passage, passing 24°N, 169.5–173°E and 30°N, 168–169°E northward, proceeds northwestward around 33°N, 165°E, and goes westward through the south of the Shatsky Rise. We did not find that the deep-circulation flow proceeded westward along the northern side of the Mid-Pacific Seamounts and eastward between the Hess Rise and the Hawaiian Ridge toward the Northeast Pacific Basin. 相似文献
997.
1 .IntroductionNumericalmodelsmostwidelyusedforseaenvironmentandsedimenttransportfocusonsolvingseriesofdifferentialequations .Theinputandoutputofanumericalmodelareconsideredasdecisivefactors .Butinrealitythecausesofnaturaleventssuchasmeteorological,astronomical,oceanograph ic ,geomorphologicandgeophysicalfactorsarerandom .Therearemanyuncertaintiesinvolvedininputfactorsinnumericalmodels .Correspondinglytheoutputsofnumericalmodelsarealsorandom .There fore ,theoutputparametersofnumericalmodelsca… 相似文献
998.
台站用百叶箱内外气温比对与分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用双通道自动测温表对台站用的百叶箱内外气温进行了同步比对测量与分析。指出自然通风时,百叶箱对箱内气温变化产生一定程度的滞后和热辐射作用。滞后作用较明显。 相似文献
999.
杨振华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(4)
采用声学方法精密测定汞被高压强压入储油岩样的渗入体积,对岩芯孔隙结构测定中的汞体积计量方法作了重要改进。本方法以无水酒精作为计量工作介质,在其中发射声波,通过对汞界面反射声波的识别,进行非接触的声学测量,从根本上解决了当前国内外采用的电阻法,电容法无法避免的由于汞腐蚀或油污染而要求经常进行与有毒汞接触的清洗,并且确保了计量系统工作性能的长期稳定与准确可靠。在0.01MPa至50MPa压强范围内连续计量,量程0~10ml,准确度0.01ml。 相似文献
1000.