矿物标型六性及其在胶东金矿中的应用

目前矿物标型研究和应用已进入一个新的阶段。作者从哲学的高度,把国内外矿物标型特征的分散研究加以集中概括和总结,提出了“矿物标型六性”的普遍规律,即普遍性、特殊性、变化性、相应性、继承性和分带性,对矿物标型特征研究具重要的指导意义。这些规律在胶东金矿中得到广泛应用,并已取得良好效果。     

An electrochemical study of pyrite oxidation in the presence of carbon coatings in cyanide medium

The anodic and cathodic behaviour of pyrite with clay and different carbon coatings of activated carbon, graphite and carbonaceous matter in cyanide medium was investigated using the potentiodynamic method. The presence of clay coating did not change the polarisation curve appearance for either the anodic oxidation of pyrite or the cathodic reduction of oxygen or the potential of the current plateau, but only decreased the plateau current especially at a higher coating thickness. The presence of the carbon coatings marginally shifted the rest potential for pyrite to a more anodic position and slightly changed the polarisation curve appearance for pyrite oxidation. The current density for pyrite oxidation largely increased in the presence of the carbon coatings, the potential at the plateau shifted to more cathodic positions, and the plateau width became smaller. These effects became more noticeable at a higher coating thickness. The activated carbon, graphite and carbonaceous matter coatings performed similarly in affecting pyrite oxidation at a similar thickness. The carbon coatings significantly increased the limiting current densities for oxygen reduction on pyrite, and the limiting current plateau became steeper at a higher coating thickness. The carbon coatings increased the limiting current density for oxygen reduction to a similar extent at a low coating thickness, but increased to varied extents at a higher coating thickness. The carbon coatings also greatly increased the cathodic current density for gold reduction on pyrite. The enhancement of pyrite oxidation and oxygen or gold reduction on pyrite by the carbon coatings was likely attributed to the electrochemical interaction between pyrite and the carbon materials with electron-rich surfaces and high conductivity. The presence of the carbon coatings significantly increased the oxidation of pyrite in aerated cyanide solutions and the preg-robbing of pyrite especially at a higher coating thickness.     

The Ore-forming Fluid of the Gold Deposits of Muru Gold Belt in Eastern Shandong, China - a Case Study of Denggezhuang Gold Deposit

Abstract. Denggezhuang gold deposit is an epithermal gold‐quartz vein deposit in northern Muru gold belt, eastern Shandong, China. The deposit occurs in the NNE‐striking faults within the Mesozoic granite. The deposit consists of four major veins with a general NNE‐strike. Based on crosscutting relationships and mineral parageneses, the veins appear to have been formed during the same mineralization epochs, and are further divided into three stages: (1) massive barren quartz veins; (2) quartz‐sulfides veins; (3) late, pure quartz or calcite veinlets. Most gold mineralization is associated with the second stage. The early stage is characterized by quartz, and small amounts of ore minerals (pyrite), the second stage is characterized by large amounts of ore minerals. Fluid inclusions in vein quartz contain C‐H‐O fluids of variable compositions. Three main types of fluid inclusions are recognized at room temperature: type I, two‐phase, aqueous vapor and an aqueous liquid phase (L+V); type II, aqueous‐carbonic inclusions, a CC₂‐liquid with/without vapor and aqueous liquid (LCO₂+VCC₂+Laq.); type III, mono‐phase aqueous liquid (Laq.). Data from fluid inclusion distribution, microthermometry, and gas analysis indicate that fluids associated with Au mineralized quartz veins (stage 2) have moderate salinity ranging from 1.91 to 16.43 wt% NaCl equivalent (modeled salinity around 8–10 wt% NaCl equiv.). These veins formatted at temperatures from 80d? to 280d?C. Fluids associated with barren quartz veins (stage 3) have a low salinity of about 1.91 to 2.57 wt% NaCl equivalent and lower temperature. There is evidence of fluid immiscibility and boiling in ore‐forming stages. Stable isotope analyses of quartz indicate that the veins were deposited by waters with δ^O and δD values ranging from those of magmatic water to typical meteoric water. The gold metallogenesis of Muru gold belt has no relationship with the granite, and formed during the late stage of the crust thinning of North China.     

Origin of fluids in iron oxide–copper–gold deposits: constraints from δ 37Cl, 87Sr/86Sri and Cl/Br

The origin of the hypersaline fluids (magmatic or basinal brine?), associated with iron oxide (Cu–U–Au–REE) deposits, is controversial. We report the first chlorine and strontium isotope data combined with Cl/Br ratios of fluid inclusions from selected iron oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) deposits (Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, Sossego), a deposit considered to represent a magmatic end member of the IOCG class of deposit (Gameleira), and a magnetite–apatite deposit (El Romeral) from South America. Our data indicate mixing of a high δ ³⁷Cl magmatic fluid with near 0‰ δ ³⁷Cl basinal brines in the Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, and Sossego IOCG deposits and leaching of a few weight percent of evaporites by magmatic-hydrothermal (?) fluids at Gameleira and El Romeral. The Sr isotopic composition of the inclusion fluids of Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, and El Romeral confirms the presence of a non-magmatic fluid component in these deposits. The heavy chlorine isotope signatures of fluids from the IOCG deposits (Candelaria, Raúl–Condestable, Sossego), reflecting the magmatic-hydrothermal component of these fluids, contrast with the near 0‰ δ ³⁷Cl values of porphyry copper fluids known from the literature. The heavy chlorine isotope compositions of fluids of the investigated IOCG deposits may indicate a prevailing mantle Cl component in contrast to porphyry copper fluids, an argument also supported by Os isotopes, or could result from differential Cl isotope fractionation processes (e.g. phase separation) in fluids of IOCG and porphyry Cu deposits.     

Gold mining in Ghana's forest reserves: a report on the current debate

This paper examines the debate surrounding a recent decision made by the Ghanaian government to permit gold exploration – and potentially, mining – in 'protected' forest reserves. In 2001, four mining companies were awarded mineral exploration concessions in forested regions of the country, and have since put forward applications to mine for gold. Notwithstanding the sharp divide in opinion on the issue, the continued uncertainty surrounding the implications of the proposed activities makes further research on the ground imperative in the short term. Work aiming to elicit indigenous perspectives on the projects, as well as research that facilitates dialogue between and/or among stakeholder parties, should be prioritized.     

贵州东部石英脉型金矿地质特征和成矿作用

贵州东部以晚元古代地层为容矿地层的金矿,主要是石英脉型金矿。它们主要分布在从江地区、天柱—锦屏—黎平地区和梵净山地区。前2者处于南华褶皱带西缘,后者处于南华褶皱带与扬子陆块的过渡带。矿体分布在断裂(带)和背斜核部。共伴生矿物为石英、黄铁矿、毒砂、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黝铜矿,黄铜矿,辉锑矿、绿泥石等。矿化蚀变以硅化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化、绿泥石化为主。形成温度主要集中在100℃～350℃,是中低温热液矿床,呈现100～150℃和200～300℃两个区段。金有来源于围岩的、也有来源于深部岩浆的；流体有来源于地层和深部的,也有大气降水的混入。金矿的形成是多时代多阶段形成的：雪峰期提供原始物质；加里东期是一次主要成矿期；燕山时期也是一个重要的金矿形成时期,不但形成新金矿,还改造加里东期形成的金矿     

从流体包裹体特征探讨泥堡金矿成因

泥堡金矿床据脉石矿物和萤石的包裹体研究,包裹少而小,类型较为简单。综合包裹体各项参数和气液成分分析认为,成矿流体属NaCl-H_2O体系的富K~ 的、弱酸性溶液,具有较高密度、较低盐度和中-低温度的特点。结合硫和氢氧同位素测定结果,成矿流体是燕山运动阶段的地表水沿断裂深循环,特别是在富K、富Au的凝灰岩中往复循环作用形成的。当各种条件具备时即可卸载成矿,成矿的最佳位置就是沿P_(2-3)β_1与P_2m~(dc)之间沉积间断面发生的层间滑动构造带。     

陕西金矿床类型及其找矿方向

通过对陕西金矿资源的分析、总结,将陕西金矿成因类型划分为7类14亚类;与金矿有关的成矿系列划分为3个矿床成矿系列组合,7个成矿系列类型,10个成矿系列和4个亚系列;金矿床空间分布严格受隐伏基底和出露基底,隐伏岩体、重磁吻合构造,构造和成矿时代的控制;与金成矿有关的Ⅲ级成矿区(带)有4条,有关的Ⅳ级成矿区(带)有10条,有关的Ⅴ级主要金成矿区(带)有16条;提出了金矿新的找矿方向,为今后本区金矿地质找矿的新突破提供信息.     

对云山异常金成矿远景的分析

通过对云山异常区的区域构造、地质条件的了解,以及对该区地球物理、地球化学资料的分析,认为这是一处值得关注的异常区,并指出异常区中的磁异常的地质起因极可能为剖析这一异常带来转机。     

陈家杖子金矿地球化学特征及其指示意义

陈家杖子金矿是通过1∶5万化探工作发现的斑岩型金多金属矿, 其地球化学异常特征可作为在该区寻找类似矿床标志。该矿东部还有形成多金属矿的潜力。在此类土壤覆盖区应采用土壤测量。该金矿的发现反映了在我国中西部地区利用常规方法来发现新矿床的巨大潜力。