A comparison of three marine ecosystems surrounding the Korean peninsula: Responses to climate change

This study uses a comparative approach to examine responses of marine ecosystems to climatic regime shifts. The three seas surrounding the Korean peninsula, the Japan/East Sea, the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea represent three contiguous but distinct ecosystems. Sampling has been carried out by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute of South Korea since 1965, using the same methods in all three seas. Sampling was generally synoptic. Amplitude time series of 1st EOF modes for temperature, salinity, zooplankton biomass and concentrations of four major zooplankton taxa were used to determine whether the three marine ecosystems respond in a similar manner to climate variations. Temporal patterns of the variables were strongly similar among the three seas at decadal time scales, but very weakly similar at interannual scales. All three seas responded to a climatic regime shift that occurred in 1989. Temperature, zooplankton biomass and copepod concentrations increased in the late 1980s or early 1990s in all three seas. Concentrations of amphipods, chaetognaths and euphausiids also increased in the Japan/East Sea and the East China Sea, but not the Yellow Sea. The Yellow Sea ecosystem differs strongly from the other two seas, and water exchange between the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea is much weaker than that between the East China Sea and Japan/East Sea. Spatial patterns of zooplankton determined by the EOF analysis were closely related to currents and fronts in each of the three seas.     

黄河内蒙古段上覆水、悬浮物和底泥重金属特征及生态风险研究

系统地采集黄河内蒙古段上覆水、悬浮物和底泥样品,分析其中重金属元素的含量。采用地质累积指数法和潜在生态危害系数法,研究了黄河干流内蒙古段的上覆水、悬浮物和底泥的重金属沿程分布特征、污染程度和生态风险。分析结果显示:除了As元素,悬浮物中重金属元素含量总体上高于底泥中的含量。地质累积指数法评价结果表明:悬浮物和底泥属于无污染—中度污染,悬浮物总体上比底泥污染严重;潜在生态危害系数法评价结果表明:底泥和悬浮物中重金属的生态危害总体上属轻微状态;因此,生态风险指数法和地质累积指数评价结果基本一致。     

南黄海北部前陆盆地的构造演化与油气突破

南黄海北部盆地是我国近海海域中唯一由中生代陆-陆碰撞造山作用形成的前陆盆地。其构造演化经历了4个阶段:(1)前造山期大陆边缘盆地阶段(Z—T2);(2)苏鲁造山带晚期前陆盆地阶段(J3—K);(3)造山期后陆内断陷盆地阶段(K2t—E);(4)区域沉降覆盖阶段(N—Q)。对其中陆内断陷盆地的详细调查研究结果表明,盆地内晚白垩世泰州组烃源岩发育,具有4套储盖组合,圈闭构造多,成藏配套条件好,计算其石油资源量约20×108t,是当前在南黄海获取油气重要突破的首选区域。     

黄河下游断面形态与水沙输移关系及数学模拟方法

以前人对黄河下游的实测资料分析为基础,本文讨论断面形态与来水来沙关系、断面形态对输水输沙的影响,并根据实测资料,提出黄河下游弯段与直段断面冲淤变化的两种模式,建立了主流摆动及坍岸影响断面形态变化以及纵向冲淤量在断面的分布两种数学模拟方法。     

黄河影响下开封城市的历史演变

河流对城市的形成和发展起着重要的作用,古人形象地把其比喻为“城市之血脉”。文章从不同的历史时期黄河及其分支对开封城市演变的影响进行分析,得出黄河与开封城市的关系存在着利与害的统一。开封城市的历史发展,即得益于黄河充足的水源,又受害于其频繁的决溢、泛滥、改道。因此,要采用先进的科学技术对黄河进行综合治理开发,使其恢复它应有的美好环境,更好地造福于人民。     

Effect of particles on the photodegradation of PAHs in natural waters-A case study for the Yellow River

Photodegradation of chrysene, benzo （a） pyrene and benzo （g, h, i） perylene in natural water of the Yellow River was studied using simulation sunlight. The effects of particulates on the photodegradation were explored. Several results arose from this study. （1） The photodegradation of PAHs can be fitted with first-order kinetics when no particulate exists in water system, and the first-order constant increases with decreasing of initial concentration of PAHs. The photodegradation rates of the three PAHs are related to their molecule absorption spectrum. （2） The existence of loess exerts two kinds of effects on the photodegradation of PAHs, including the inner filter effects and the photosensitizing effects of humic substance in loess. These two contrary effects lead to the difference of net effects among different contents of loess. When the loess contents are 0.1 and 5.0 g/L, the existence of loess stimulates the photodegradation of chrysene, benzo （a） pyrene. When the loess content is 5.0 g/L, the existence of loess stimulates the photodegradation of benzo （g, h, i） perylene. In addition, the photodegradation of PAHs can be fitted with the second-order kinetics when there is loess in the water system. （3） The soluble humic substances in loess can accelerate the photodegradation of PAHs while the in soluble part cannot. （4） Since the soluble humic substances in the suspended solids of the river have been dissolved in water,     

黄河聊城段侧渗分析研究

黄河在山东境内属地上河,常年补给两侧地下水,是沿河地带地下水资源的重要组成部分.依据黄河聊城段东阿县境内的艾山侧渗断面1986～1994年地下水位资料,在分析水文地质条件和地下水流态的基础上,应用水均衡原理分析计算导水系数T,并通过同位素示踪试验得到了验证.利用达西公式计算单侧年侧渗量,建立艾山水位、年径流-侧渗量关系,并与应量平衡法和地下水非稳定流公式计算的成果作了对照分析.     

黄河三角洲地区浅层沉积序列及构造沉降特征

在整个黄河三角洲地区和莱洲湾南岸晚更新世以来经历了海陆相沉积的频繁交替,本文通过古地磁和14C测年资料对不同钻孔的晚更新世地层进行了精确的年代对比,揭示了不同时期的沉积序列。并通过27口钻井的联合对比剖面,揭示出本区晚更新世以来的新构造运动表现为二凹夹一隆的构造特征,对黄河三角洲发育位置和沉降特征有强烈的控制作用。     

黄河下游壶穴的研究

黄河下游(泺口以下)发育了大量的壶穴(Pothole),按成因可以分为6种:流水侵蚀、风蚀、圆砾铸模、冰压刻、冰融水滴蚀及泄气侵蚀。流水侵蚀形成的圆形Pothole规模不一,小者直径在十余厘米,深数厘米,大者直径达数米,深1 m余;风蚀形成的圆形Pothole规模一般比较小,直径多在二、三十厘米以下,深10 cm以下,大部分穴壁缓斜,状如盘碟;圆砾铸模形成的Pothole规模一般较小,直径多在一、二十厘米以下、穴壁陡倾,状如锅穴;冰融水滴蚀形成的Pothole形态复杂,规模不一,既有穴壁缓斜的盘碟状者,也有穴壁陡倾近乎直立的近圆柱状者,直径从不足1cm到三、四十厘米,其穴缘、穴壁和穴底常有次级构造;泄气侵蚀形成的Pothole更是十分复杂,平面形态可以圆形到近圆形甚至其他复杂形态,穴壁可以非常平缓,也可以陡倾,直径从数厘米到数十厘米,深数毫米到二、三十厘米,穴缘和穴壁也常有次级伴生构造,既可单独产出,也可成群产出,同时还可以多个密集产出,状如蜂巢,这一类Pothole的成因极为独特,主要与黄河断流河床捕获的空气泄漏有关。     

A multi-scale study on land use and land cover quality change: The case of the Yellow River Delta in China

This paper presents a case study of the Yellow River Delta in China, to trace land use and land cover changes during the past 20 years, with an emphasis on land quality changes. Three sets of data are used in this case study: remote sensing data derived from satellite images; crop yield data from statistics; and soil data collected by the researchers in the field. Our study reveals that at the regional scale, LUCC has taken place in a positive direction: vegetation cover has been expanding and crop yields per hectare have been on rise. However, while the overall eco-environment has improved, the improvement is uneven across the Delta region. At local levels, some areas show signs of increased salinization and declining organic content. Both natural forces and human activities are responsible for the LUCC, but human activities play a more important role. While some impacts of human activities are positive, the damages are often long-lasting and irreversible. We also conclude that it is necessary to use both macro data (such as remote sensing data) and micro data (data collected in the field) to study land quality change. The former are efficient in examining land quality changes at the regional scale, the latter can serve to verify ground patterns revealed from macro data and help to identify local variations, so as to get a comprehensive understanding of LUCC and promote sustainable land use and land management. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.