汶川地震中甘肃滑塌灾害特征及减轻对策刍议

汶川地震在甘肃南部造成了极为严重的滑塌灾害。本文在武都区附近地震滑塌灾害统计研究的基础上,阐述了其主要类型和发育特征;论述了甘肃地震滑塌灾害的展布主要受地形、岩性、地震烈度、人类工程活动和植被发育程度等因素影响,在空间上分布很不均匀。地震烈度高的陇南灾区地震滑塌密度相对较大;节理发育的厚层(块状)岩层滑塌较为突出;黄土滑塌较为突出。进而提出了山区地震滑塌灾害减轻的注意事项以及甘肃省不同区域滑塌灾害减轻对策。     

7度区典型框架教学楼抗震加强措施效果对比

由于汶川地震导致大量中小学校建筑倒塌,造成巨大伤亡,住建部、中国工程院和中国地震局分别提出了不同的校舍抗震设计加强要求,但这些加强措施的实际抗倒塌效果尚缺乏定量研究.本文采用纤维梁模型,并选择合适的钢筋约束混凝土本构,对汶川地震7度区典型钢筋混凝土框架结构教学楼进行了基于IDA的倒塌率分析,研究了不同抗震加强措施的防倒...     

地震波形记录特征分析

测震图分析是地震预报的一项基础工作,近年来随着地震预报工作的发展,对地震图的研究越来越深入.本文总结了小浪底水库数字地震台网记录的波形资料,用实例说明了不同距离、不同方位、不同类型的地震震相的特征,以及地震、爆破和塌陷波形的区别,发现小浪底水库地震台网波形记录有其特定的记录特征.     

四川石亭江流域汶川地震滑坡崩塌分布及控制因素分析

＂5.12＂汶川大地震引发了石亭江流域严重的滑坡、崩塌,沿江两岸红白镇、金花镇及上游矿区的滑坡、崩塌掩埋了公路、水电站,摧毁铁路并堰塞石亭江,造成了大量的人员伤亡及财产损失。震后在中国地调局的资助下,进行了1∶5万野外地震次生灾害详细调查。研究结果表明,石亭江流域滑坡、崩塌分布在空间上具有明显的不均一性,即由石亭江下游至上游,总体呈加重趋势,而且沿山前断裂和中央断裂灾害异常发育,后者强于前者;地质灾害发育除受发震断裂控制外,还受地貌、岩性和人类工程活动等多因素控制,上述控制因素的耦合是导致石亭江地区地震地质灾害空间分布不均一的主要原因。     

Geochemical characterization of the mining district of Linares (Jaen,Spain) by means of XRF and ICP-AES

Linares (Jaen, Spain) has been subjected to an intense mining and metallurgic activity during 2500 years. Basically, lead and silver have been extracted from galena; as well as copper and zinc. Different studies have been conducted to evaluate trace element concentrations to obtain relationships with anthropogenic and geologic factors. The analytical results of these studies have been obtained with ICP-AES. This analytical technique is relatively expensive and inaccessible in zones with scarce economic means. In this study, XRF analyses have been conducted and the obtained results are presented, as well as a comparison with the previously obtained ICP results. In both cases, a cluster analysis has been made to try to identify the same relations in the target area. 5 groups have been identified, mainly related with lithology. Only 10 of the 122 grid squares (each one of 1 km²) are classified in different groups if the cluster analysis is conducted with XRF results or ICP results. ICP classifies better where these grid squares are located, mostly, in contact zones of different lithologies.     

Rotational failure mechanisms for the face stability analysis of tunnels driven by a pressurized shield

The aim of this paper is to determine the collapse and blow‐out face pressures of a circular tunnel driven by a pressurized shield. The analysis is performed in the framework of the kinematical approach of the limit analysis theory. Two rotational failure mechanisms are proposed for the active and passive cases. These mechanisms have two significant advantages with respect to the available ones: (i) they take into account the entire circular tunnel face instead of an inscribed ellipse to this circular area, and (ii) they are more consistent with the rotational rigid‐block movement observed in the experimental tests. For both the active and passive cases, the three‐dimensional failure surface was generated ‘point by point’ instead of simple use of the existing standard geometric shapes such as cones or cylinders. This was achieved by employing a spatial discretization technique. The numerical results have shown that the present rotational mechanisms provide, in the case of frictional soils (with or without cohesion), a significant improvement with respect to the translational mechanisms. Finally, an extension of the proposed collapse mechanism to include a tension cut‐off in the classical Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion is presented and discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

渝湘高速公路正阳隧道塌方治理方案研究

塌方一直是我国隧道建设领域研究的热点问题。从施工过程中冒顶塌方形成经过、产生塌方原因入手,对渝湘高速公路正阳隧道一次塌方事故提出治理方案,认为岩隙渗水作用于覆盖层较薄、渗透性强的松散破碎地段使隧道上方岩土体的自稳能力恶化;通过坍口设置截水沟及多种形式注浆技术,及时加固坍塌体,封堵岩隙渗水。方案效果良好,具有一定借鉴意义。     

瞬变电磁与电阻率测深在沙午铁路采空区勘查中的应用

沙午铁路某段受铁矿采空区影响,出现地面塌陷下沉.以瞬变电磁为主要技术方法对该段铁路沿线及周围进行勘查,采用电阻率测深加强铁路沿线勘探,查明了采空区的分布位置、范围以及空间特征等,提高了准确性,取得了良好效果.勘探成果可为地面安全和采空区治理提供可靠的技术支持,为铁路安全运营提供保障.     

云南东川地区播卡矿田金铜等多金属矿综合信息成矿预测

分别建立了金矿床、铜矿床成矿预测区的划分准则和分级标准.根据成矿预测区的划分准则及分级标准,作出了播卡矿田综合信息成矿预测图,将播卡矿田划分为6个主要成矿预测区,从脆一韧性剪切断裂带深部发育特征、矿体呈尖灭再现分布规律、深部岩体发育特征、含石墨导电件剪切带、钻井原生晕深部延伸规律等5个方面重点进行了新山一马家沟金矿深部成矿预测,得出3个远景异常地段找矿前景的排序为:马家沟南部-新山西北-新山东南.     

广东省某隧道区岩溶塌陷危险性评价

岩溶塌陷的产生会严重影响隧道的安全施工及运营,而隧道的开挖又加剧了岩溶塌陷发生的可能性,并使其发生机制变的更加复杂。本文选择隧道埋深、隧道涌水量及距离隧道的远近3个因素来衡量隧道开挖对岩溶塌陷的影响。并以长基岭隧道为例,运用模糊数学理论结合层次分析法,选择了包括隧道埋深、涌水量等在内的14个因素,建立研究区岩溶塌陷模糊综合评判模型,并通过程序与GIS集成实现了研究区岩溶塌陷危险性分区。评价结果对岩溶地区隧道的施工及运营提供依据。