自然电场法勘测地下水流向的极差校正

总结了在实际工作中运用自然电场法中"8"字形观测法测量地下水流向时,对常规误差进行修正的经验,讨论了初始极差的产生因素、影响程度和处理方法,对后期资料处理中的补偿方法进行了探讨.     

昆仑山口西8．1级地震前兆异常时空特征初探

通过对青藏高原北部地区前兆观测手段共88个台点的资料系统分析、整理、汇总,认为在昆仑山口西8．1级地震中短期内前兆异常具有明显的特征,并认为8．1级地震的发生不仅仅是大构造断裂带活动的产物,更是在某种特殊的力源作用下,大区域构造应力发生显变化,并在几条边界构造大断裂的相互作用下发生的1次强震活动。     

Geology of the Grove Mountains in East Antarctica

Grove Mountains consists mainly of a series of high-grade (upper amphibolite to granulite facies) metamorphic rocks, including felsic granulite, granitic gneiss, mafic granulite lenses and charnockite, intruded by late tectonic gneissic granite and post-tectonic granodioritic veins. Geochemical analysis demonstrates that the charnockite, granitic gneiss and granite belonged to aluminous A type plutonic rocks, whereas the felsic and mafic granulite were from supracrustal materials as island-arc, oceanic island and middle oceanic ridge basalt. A few high-strained shear zones disperse in regional stable sub-horizontal foliated metamorphic rocks. Three generations of ductile deformation were identified, in which D₁ is related to the event before Pan-African age, D₂ corresponds to the regional granulite peak metamorphism, whereas D₃ reflects ductile extension in late Pan-African orogenic period. The metamorphic reactions from granitic gneiss indicate a single granulite facies event, but 3 steps from mafic granulite, with P-T condition of M1 800°C, 9.3×10⁵ Pa; M₂ 800–810°C, 6.4 × 10⁵ Pa; and M₃ 650°C have been recognized. The U-Pb age data from representative granitic gneiss indicate (529±14) Ma of peak metamorphism, (534±5) Ma of granite emplacement, and (501±7) Ma of post-tectonic granodioritic veins. All these evidences suggest that a huge Pan-African aged mobile belt exists in the East Antarctic Shield extending from Prydz Bay via Grove Mountains to the southern Prince Charles Mountains. This orogenic belt could be the final suture during the Gondwana Land assemblage.     

武都形变对岷县Ms5.2级地震的前兆异常反映

2003年11月13日岷县Ms5 2级地震前,武都应变、倾斜资料均出现了明显的前兆短临异常变化。应变在震前2个多月出现了加速变化,震前20多天受力状态发生变化;倾斜资料在震前3个多月出现NW方向的加速倾斜变化,震前数天模拟曲线、数字化资料都出现了明显的固体潮汐畸变。     

Crustal structure in the Changbaishan volcanic area, China, determined by modeling receiver functions

During 1998–1999, we installed a temporary broadband seismic network in the Changbaishan volcanic region, NE China. We estimated crustal structure using teleseismic seismograms collected at the network. We detected a near surface region of strong anisotropy directly under the main volcanic edifice of the volcanic area. We modeled 109 receiver functions from 19 broadband stations using three techniques. First we used a “slant-stacking” method to model the principal crustal P reverberation phases to estimate crustal thickness and the average crustal P to S speed ratio (v_p/v_s), assuming an average P-wave velocity in the crust. We then estimated crustal S-wave velocity (v_s) and v_p/v_s profiles by modeling stacked receiver functions using a direct search. Finally, we inverted several receiver functions recorded at stations closest to the main volcanic edifice using least squares to estimate v_s velocity profiles, assuming a v_p/v_s value. The results from the three estimation techniques were consistent, and generally we found that the receiver functions constrained estimates of changes in wave speeds better than absolute values. We resolved that the crust is 30–39 km thick under the volcanic region and 28–32 km thick away from the volcanic region, with a midcrust velocity transition at about 10–15 km depth. We estimated that the average crust P-wave velocity is about 6.0–6.2 km/s surrounding the main volcanic region, while it is slightly lower in the vicinity of the main volcanic edifice. The estimates of v_p/v_s were more ambiguous, but we inferred that the bulk crustal Poisson's ratio (which is related to v_p/v_s) ranges between 0.20 and 0.30, with a suggestion that the Poisson's ratio is lower under the central volcanic region compared to the surrounding areas. We resolved low S-wave velocities (down to about 3 km/s) in the middle crust in the region of the main volcanic edifice. The low velocity anomaly extends from about 5–10 to 15–25 km below the surface, probably indicating a region of elevated temperatures. We were unable to determine if partial melt is present with the data we considered in this paper.     

Pampean Orogen: An Intraplate Component of Early Paleozoic Deformation?

After accretion of the Pampean continental fragment to the western Rio de la Plata craton margin (530 Ma), subsequent deformation, crustal anatexis and plutonism may have been intraplate responses to Brasiliano-PanAfrican collisional tectonism on the eastern margin during the amalgamation of Gondwana. Investigations of intraplate orogens such as the Tien Shan and the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, as well as of analogue and numerical models, permit discrimination of two early Paleozoic tectonomagmatic phases in the Sierras Pampeanas. The first involved marginal trough subduction and calc-alkaline magmatism, culminating in accretion of the Pampean terrane to the western craton edge; the second was characterized by crustal anatexis and peraluminous plutonism, penetrative deformation and high-angle reverse faulting resulting from continental collision on the eastern craton margin.Field observations from modern (Tien Shan) and ancient (Ancestral Rocky Mountains) intraplate chains, deep seismic and borehole data, radiometric and fission-track data constitute control for analogue and numerical models of intraplate deformation resulting from continental collision. Near-simultaneous continent-wide deformation, regularly spaced ranges/buckles, reverse-fault initiation at fold hinges of buckles, and doubling of crustal thickness are replicated in structural arrays formed in four-layer analogue models of lithospheric buckling. These data have significant implications for the ductile deformation, crustral thickening and post-subduction plutonism that spanned central South America in Late Cambrian time.     

天山数字垂直带谱体系与研究

对6个全国性山地垂直带谱体系进行评述。认为区域性的数字垂直带谱的详细研究也是建立中国山地垂直带信息图谱的重要一环。只有通过这样的工作，才能进一步发现问题和解决问题，才能逐步趋于完成山地垂直带谱集大成的工作。分析了天山垂直带谱形成的因素，建立了包括北坡、南坡、西部伊犁谷地、天山腹地(巴音布鲁克盆地)的天山数字垂直带谱体系，分析了各垂直带的特点，总结了垂直带谱的区域分异规律。     

东祁连山表土花粉组合及其数量特征

应用TWINSPAN分类和DCA排序对东祁连山地区7个不同植被类型的表土花粉组合及其与环境的关系进行定量研究。表土花粉类型可分为3组：Group1为花粉产量大的本地花粉，可较好地反映当地植被的特征；Group2为产量小的本地花粉，反映植被特征较差；Group3为外来花粉，在土壤地层中较常见。样地排序结果可划分出6个组：(1)山地草原化荒漠，(2)青海云杉林，(3)祁连圆柏林，(4)金露梅灌丛，(5)矮嵩草草甸，(6)小嵩草草甸，各组具有不同的花粉组合特征；但山杨—白桦林可能是由于花粉自身和花粉保存等原因，花粉组合无突出特征，难以区分。海拔高度和干燥度是影响表土花粉和植被分布的重要因素。藜科／蒿属(C／A)、木本花粉／非木本花粉(AP／NAP)随植被变化也反映出与植被分布的一致性。     

西南天山成矿规律及其与境外对比研究

文章依据成矿地质构造背景、含矿岩石建造、成矿时代和主要矿种，在简要论述中国西南天山成矿带中金属矿床地质成矿特征和时空分布规律的基础上，与境外南天山成矿带进行了详细对比研究，进而明确了境内外成矿的差异性，指出该区的主攻矿种及其主攻矿床类型，提出了下一步地质找矿工作的重点部署地区。     

The GIS and analysis of earthquake damage distribution of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake

Introduction The 1303 Hongtong earthquake is an important earthquake in the eastern China. There is a lot of information in historical documents about the earthquake and many traces destroyed by the earthquake in the southern Shanxi Province. Many scholars have studied the earthquake from dif-ferent aspects, but mainly limited the definitions of the isoseismal and three factors of the earth-quake. Owing to being limited by the analysis technique, many useful damage information of the earthqu…