盾构隧道平行侧穿诱发的建筑纵向沉降实测与模拟分析

当盾构隧道平行侧穿建筑物时,大多关注建筑物的横向沉降规律,对其纵向沉降关注较少。为此,针对盾构隧道平行侧穿建筑物引发的空间变形开展研究。首先,对天津地铁6号线平行侧穿四座结构形式相近的砖混建筑的实测数据进行分析,得到建筑物基本变形模式;基于工程实测并考虑土体的小应变硬化特性建立三维有限元数值分析模型,研究了盾构侧穿引发的建筑物纵向挠曲、土体变形与应力变化规律,并分析了不同建筑平面长宽比的影响。结果表明,盾构隧道平行侧穿将诱发平面长宽比较大的建筑出现"下凹式"挠曲变形,纵墙中部沉降最大可为其角点沉降的2倍,平行侧穿并不能简化为平面应变问题进行分析。建筑物修建和盾构开挖将导致隧道上方土体经历较为复杂的应力变化过程,并可划分为6个阶段。沿建筑纵向基础中部的土体与边缘土体相比,其首先经历更大的压缩变形(建筑施工导致),在盾构穿越后又产生了更大的卸荷变形。当建筑平面长宽比小于2时,盾构开挖导致的纵向挠曲变形将显著减小。     

多通道瞬变电磁法2D有限元模拟

多通道瞬变电磁法的反演工作是在大地脉冲响应的基础上进行的,因此本文用2D有限元正演来求取大地脉冲响应,实现多道瞬变电磁法的正演模拟研究.研究工作首先在有源大地电磁法2D有限元模拟的基础上进行,原有2D有限元法的频带相对于多通道瞬变电磁法的频带是窄频的,为此采用校正法将其扩展到所需的宽度,实现了频率域宽频带有源电磁勘探方法的正演模拟;然后通过频时变换变换到时间域,得到瞬变电磁法的阶跃响应;最后通过求取阶跃响应的时间导数,得到大地脉冲响应.针对多通道瞬变电磁方法的装置特点,用有一定埋深的顺层成矿模型分析了大地脉冲响应特征,发现对有一定埋深的顺层产出的矿脉模型来说,频率域电磁场结果以及时间域大地脉冲响应结果均需移除背景场才能突出异常体的存在,然而,在实际工作中,未知的背景场限制了其实用性.为此,本文利用多通道瞬变电磁方法数据量大的特点,提出用不同偏移距的等时曲线与等时断面来展示脉冲响应模拟结果,事实表明这两种展示方式可以清晰地分辨出矿体引起的异常,且能准确定位矿体的中心在地面的投影位置,从而说明多通道瞬变电磁方法相对于频率域有源电磁方法,对有一定埋深的顺层矿床有更高的分辨能力.     

A variationally consistent hyperstatic reaction method for tunnel lining design

In this technical note, a consistent finite element formulation of the Hyperstatic Reaction Method (HRM) for tunnel linings design is proposed by introducing a variational consistently linearized formulation. It permits to consider a nonlinear interaction between a lining structure and the surrounding ground. Recent advances of the HRM in regard to the consideration of the nonlinear response of the segmented tunnel lining exposed to design loads use an iterative algorithm for solving the nonlinear system of equations. In the proposed Variationally consistent Hyperstatic Reaction Method (VHRM), a distributed nonlinear spring model representing the interaction between the lining and the ground soils is considered in a variationally consistent format. Computing the tangential spring stiffness via consistent linearization, and using Newton-Raphson iteration, requires significantly smaller number of iterations as compared to the original HRM model based on nodal springs. Furthermore, the method is applicable for simulations using solid finite elements (2D and 3D), as well as beam or finite shell elements, respectively.     

The Continuum Voronoi Block Model for simulation of fracture process in hard rocks

In this paper, a numerical model is presented to represent the fracture process in hard rocks based on a pseudo-discontinuum method called the Continuum Voronoi Block Model (CVBM). To validate this tool, numerical models for one Brazilian test, one unconfined compression test, and multiple triaxial compression tests with different confining stress were calibrated to match laboratory test results for Creighton granite. The model proved robust and matched the following macro-properties: crack initiation (CI) stress, (CD) stress, peak strength, tensile strength, Young's Modulus, and Poisson's ratio. The calibrated model served as a basis for a sensitivity study to analyze how micro-properties influence the rock's macroscopic responses. From the sensitivity study, a calibration methodology was proposed, which shall facilitate the use of the CVBM in future works.     

深水港斜顶桩驳岸结构后高回填桩土相互作用研究

斜顶桩驳岸结构是一种深水高桩码头接岸结构型式，驳岸结构后进行高回填将是一个复杂的被动桩与土相互作用的问题。采用平面有限元方法，分别建立了后支撑和前支撑斜顶桩驳岸结构的桩一土相互作用模型，桩基采用梁单元模拟，桩一土界面采用接触对进行模拟，进行了高回填施工过程的仿真分析。将承台侧向位移的数值计算结果与原型观测值进行了比较，吻合较好，并对桩身侧向位移、板桩前后土压力以及位移场进行了分析。结果表明：结构的变形随着施工过程进行而变化，承台最大侧向位移发生在施工过程中；不同驳岸结构的被动土压力分布相似，而主动土压力由于支撑桩的位置不同而有所差别；后支撑桩的桩身挠度相对较大。研究结论可为此类结构的设计及计算提供参考，也可为深水港结构型式的优化提供建议。