附有共线条件的航带法平差

本文揭示了航带法平差中所存在的一些问题,由此提出了改善航带法平差的附有共线条件的航带法平差,并且对该平差方法的数学模型、法方程的结构及其解算等作了详细的分析。最后用这种平差方法对一组实测数据进行了试验,其结果表明,该平差方法不但具有运算简单,对计算机内存要求较少的优点,而且还具有较高的平差精度。     

A universal spectral analytical method for digital terrain modeling

There are three major mathematical problems in digital terrain analysis: (1) interpolation of digital elevation models (DEMs); (2) DEM generalization and denoising; and (3) computation of morphometric variables through calculating partial derivatives of elevation. Traditionally, these three problems are solved separately by means of procedures implemented in different methods and algorithms. In this article, we present a universal spectral analytical method based on high-order orthogonal expansions using the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind with the subsequent Fejér summation. The method is intended for the processing of regularly spaced DEMs within a single framework including DEM global approximation, denoising, generalization, as well as calculating the partial derivatives of elevation and local morphometric variables.

The method is exemplified by a portion of the Great Rift Valley and central Kenyan highlands. A DEM of this territory (the matrix 480 × 481 with a grid spacing of 30″) was extracted from the global DEM SRTM30_PLUS. We evaluated various sets of expansion coefficients (up to 7000) to approximate and reconstruct DEMs with and without the Fejér summation. Digital models of horizontal and vertical curvatures were computed using the first and second partial derivatives of elevation derived from the reconstructed DEMs. To evaluate the approximation accuracy, digital models of residuals (differences between the reconstructed DEMs and the initial one) were calculated. The test results demonstrated that the method is characterized by a good performance (i.e., a distinct monotonic convergence of the approximation) and a high speed of data processing. The method can become an effective alternative to common techniques of DEM processing.     

阜新市建成区点位坐标转换的研究

在地方坐标系和国家坐标系之间进行平面坐标转换时,由于坐标原点的差异,导致采用简化四参数模型转换坐标时转换矩阵可能出现病态,由此求得的参数解不可靠。基于四参数模型解算时中心点坐标与坐标转换矩阵具有相关性的特点,通过附加中心点坐标可有效地避免转换矩阵病态问题。基于以上原理,本文编程采用阜新市建成区坐标数据进行验证,该方法简单可行,计算结果可靠,转换坐标精度可满足大比例测图图根控制测量精度要求。     

用“预测-校正”法快速解算接收机码间偏差

为了提高接收机码间偏差的计算效率和精度,利用CODE中心发布的全球VTEC地图和卫星码间偏差,通过内"预测-校正"法快速解算接收机码间偏差,并结合VTEC多项式对内插结果进行误差项改正。新算法解算的码间偏差与IGS发布的数据差值基本维持在0.2 ns以内,表明该算法计算精度较高,且效率明显高于传统方法。     

Evaluation of typhoon‐induced rainfall using nonparametric Monte Carlo simulation and locally weighted polynomial regression

Typhoons in Korea are the major causes of natural disasters in the Korean peninsula. In this study, rainfall generated by typhoons was quantitatively analysed using various statistical methods. First, the frequency analysis of rainfall induced by typhoons was carried out to calculate the design rainfall. Second, the frequency analysis of simulated rainfall derived by nonparametric Monte Carlo simulation (NMCS) was performed to evaluate the uncertainty of rainfall caused by typhoons. Third, the regression relationship between the physical characteristic factors of typhoons and rainfall was established by locally weighted polynomial regression (LWPR), and the characteristic factors of typhoons were simulated. The simulated characteristic factors were then used to estimate rainfall and to calculate the design rainfall by typhoons. Comparative analyses of design rainfalls as estimated using various statistical methods were performed. The LWPR showed good performance in terms of reproducing typhoon characteristics. Therefore, the combined NMCS and LWPR method suggested in this study can be used as a supplementary technique for assessing extreme rainfall with climate change and reflected variability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

灰色模型用于卫星钟差长期预报的性能研究

利用灰色模型对GPSRb钟和Cs钟进行了长期预报,并与常用的二阶多项式模型预报进行比较,结果表明:灰色模型对GPSCs钟进行长期210d(天)预报时精度高达ns量级,对GPSRb钟的预报精度在10ns量级,明显高于二阶多项式模型的预报精度,满足实际应用中的精度要求。     

基于灰色系统模型的IGS精密钟差预报

钟差是精密单点定位中的重要误差源,IGS及其分析中心能够提供高精度卫星钟差改正信息,但其具有滞后性,一般要13d后才能获取。基于此,在讨论灰色系统建模的基础上,利用12d的IGS钟差文件进行GM(1,1)建模与预报,并将其结果与二次多项式的预报结果进行比较分析,同时对Rb钟和Cs钟的GM(1,1)模型预报效果进行讨论,得出一些有益的结论。     

基于局域均值分解和BP神经网络的大坝变形预测

从时频联合域分析角度出发,探讨基于局域均值分解(LMD)和BP神经网络模型的大坝变形预测方法;利用局域均值分解把时间序列分解为多个具有不同尺度的PF分量,然后再用BP神经网络对其进行预测并将结果进行叠加重构合成。实例结果表明,基于LMD-BP的大坝变形预测方法的预测精度高于多项式曲线拟合预测模型,其预测结果与实际监测值相比具有较高的一致性。     

高分辨率星载SAR数据产品分级研究

有理函数模型RF在卫星图像领域的主要应用是进行对象空间和图像空间的转换。Radarsat-2元数据中使用三阶有理函数模型和80个有理多项式模型参数RPCs(Rational Polynomial Coefficients),为RF模型从光学图像领域的应用扩展到合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像领域提供了契机。本文对多种传感器、成像模式及不同处理级别SAR图像的RPC产品的制作和属性进行综述,主要研究高分辨率星载SAR卫星标准分级产品的制作流程。以中国广州作为实验区域,利用该地区不同级别的条带模式SM(Strip Map)Terra SAR-X和COSMO-Sky Med数据,对提出的分级和生产方案进行验证,结果表明,有理函数模型在SAR图像产品分级体系中具有可行性且效果良好。